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The first step in the manufacture of turpentine and rosin is collecting the gum from the trees.
松脂松节油和松香生产的第一步是从树上收集树胶。
The early, wasteful method was to cut a deep notch in the base of the tree, known as the box. This box held the turpentine that flowed down the tree trunk from a narrow,
早期的浪费方法是在树的底部切一个很深的缺口，叫做盒子。这个盒子里装着松节油，松节油从一个狭窄的地方顺着树干流下来，
shallow wound made by chipping. Once a week a chip was cut through the bark above the box, each chip being cut directly above the other.
由碎屑造成的浅伤口。一周一次，一块碎片从盒子上方的树皮上切下，每一块碎片都直接从另一块上面切下。
These caused the tree to bleed or give off sap; all during the summer the trees were chipped regularly, the sap flowing down into the box, where it was collected.
这使树流血或流出汁液；整个夏天，树都定期被砍，汁液流到盒子里，在那里收集的。
This method of boxing the tree has always been unsatisfactory, since it is wasteful of wood that might later be made into lumber;
这种打树的方法一直是不令人满意的，因为它是浪费木材，后来可能成为木材；
the box, if cut deep, weakens the tree so that it is easily destroyed by high winds. During later years this box has been replaced by small cups hung over the base of the tree.
这个盒子如果割得很深，会使树变弱，很容易被大风摧毁。在后来的几年里，这个盒子被挂在树底部的小杯子所取代。
Into the cups lead small tin drains through which the sap runs. Except for the cost of cups and drains, this method is in every way better.
在杯子里放进一些小的锡槽，这些锡槽里的汁液流过。除了杯子和排水管的费用，这种方法在各方面都更好。
Whatever method is used, the sap is collected from the boxes or cups and taken to stills, where it is made into turpentine and rosin.
无论采用何种方法，树液都是从盒子或杯子中收集，然后放入蒸馏器，在蒸馏器中制成松节油和松香。
The tapping season lasts for about seven months. In America, collecting rosin from pine trees to make tar and pitch began as far back as 1600.
敲击季节大约持续7个月，在美国，从松树中收集松香制成焦油和沥青最早始于1600年。
Today three-fourths of the world's naval stores are produced in our Southern States, and they find their way into every important market of the globe.
今天，世界上四分之三的海军商店是在我们南部各州生产的，它们进入了世界上每一个重要的市场。
The rosin is used for gum, varnish, soap, and the manufacture of sealing wax. Turpentine finds its uses in paints, varnishes, coloring,
松香可用于制造口香糖、清漆、肥皂和密封蜡。松节油可用于油漆、清漆、颜料，
and in the manufacture of a large number of medicines. As in lumbering, the manufacturing of naval stores can be very wasteful.
以及制造大量药品。和伐木业一样，海军仓库的制造也是非常浪费的。
Fortunately, however, manufacturers are giving up the old box method and are learning to make smaller chips in the tree.
不过，幸运的是，制造商正在放弃旧的盒式方法，并正在学习在树上制造更小的碎片。
Usually, trees are cupped for three or four years, then cut for lumber.
通常，树木被切割三到四年，然后被砍伐成木材。
With the use of better methods, a tree may be cupped much longer and still produce valuable wood for boards.
如果采用更好的方法，一棵树可能被拔得更长，仍然可以生产出有价值的木板。
