LADY GODIVA
Godiva was the beautiful wife of the Lord of Coventry. She lived in the eleventh century.
According to an old legend, the Lord taxed the people of Coventry heavily and unjustly. If they did not pay those cruel taxes, they were thrown into prison.
Lady Godiva asked her husband to have mercy on the people, but her stony-hearted husband showed no pity. Again and again she asked him to be merciful, until at last, he answered jokingly, "I will do what you ask only if you will ride naked through the streets of Coventry at noon."
Lady Godiva rode naked through the empty streets of Coventry the next day. Every door was closed and every window was shuttered. The Lord kept his promise, and lightened the burden of taxes that he laid upon the citizens.
Only one man, a tailor, had watched Lady Godiva as she rode through the streets. He cut a small hole in the door of his house, and peeped through this hole. The legend says that he became blind, and he has been known ever since as Peeping Tom.

葛黛瓦夫人
葛黛瓦是考文垂勋爵的漂亮太太。她生活在十一世纪。
根据古老的传说，勋爵摊在考文垂人身上的税既重又不公平。如果人们付不出这些苛捐杂税，就会被投入监狱。
葛黛瓦夫人恳求丈夫给人们一些怜悯，但她的铁石心肠的丈夫毫不动心。她一遍又一遍地恳求她丈夫宽厚些，直到最终，他开了个玩笑说：“如果你在中午一丝不挂骑着马穿过考文垂的大街小巷，你要我干什么我就干什么。”
第二天葛黛瓦夫人一丝不挂骑着马穿过了空无一人的街道。家家门窗紧闭。勋爵未食前言，减轻了他加在市民头上的税负。
葛黛瓦夫人骑着马穿过大街时，只有一个裁缝偷看了。他在房门上挖了一个洞。透过洞眼，他窥视、偷看。据传说他（因此）成了个瞎子。从此后，他就得名“扒眼汤姆”。

LI MING IS ILL
— Why isn't Li Ming here today? Is he ill?
— Yes, he is. He has a cold.
— Did he go to see the doctor?
— Yes, he went to the clinic this morning. The doctor said he had a fever and gave him some medicine.
— How does he feel now?
— He feels much better. His temperature is down, but he still has a headache.
— Tell him not to worry about his studies. We'll help him to catch up when he's well.

李明病了
— 李明今天为什么没有来？他病了吗？
— 是的，他病了。他得了感冒。
— 他去看医生了吗？
— 去了，他今天早上去了诊所。医生说他发烧了，给他开了些药。
— 现在他感觉怎么样了？
— 他觉得好多了。他的体温降下来了，但是头仍然疼。
— 告诉他不要担心学习。他好了以后我们会帮助他赶上来的。

NOTES TO THE TEXT

Lady Godiva 葛黛瓦夫人
Lady是对贵族夫人的尊称，也可以指贵族家的小姐，在社交场合，lady通常是对女性客气的称呼。比如：
Ladies and gentlemen! 女士们,先生们!
Ladies first! 女士优先!

Godiva was the beautiful wife of Lord of Coventry. 葛黛瓦是考文垂勋爵的漂亮太太。
在这里lord的意思是“勋爵”，由于在这里是特指某特定勋爵，所以开首要大写；“勋爵”是英国对王子、郡主或封建贵族的一般称呼，欧洲封建贵族的爵位可以分为公、侯、伯、子、男五等。

She lived in the eleventh century.
the eleventh century 十一世纪

If they did not pay those cruel taxes, they were thrown into prison. 如果人们付不出这些苛捐杂税，就会被投入监狱。
这是一个主从复合句，if引导的句子是一个条件状语从句，而后半句是这个复合句的主句；
were thrown是被动语态用法，were是助动词，thrown是throw的过去分词；
一般来说，在主从复合句中，从句中的动词时态要和主句中的动词时态保持一致。

Lady Godiva asked her husband to have mercy on the people, but her stony-hearted husband showed no pity. 葛黛瓦夫人恳求丈夫怜悯百姓，但她那铁石心肠的丈夫毫不动心。
这是由but引导的并列句，在并列句结构中，每个分句各自独立表达一层意思，没有主从关系。
have mercy on sb. / have pity on sb. / show pity for sb. 怜悯某人，例如：
Please have mercy on these poor little animals. 给这些可怜的小动物一些怜悯吧。
He showed no pity for the beggar. 他对那个乞丐毫无怜悯之心。

Again and again she asked him to be merciful, until at last, he answered jokingly, ... 她一次次地求她丈夫宽厚一些，直到最后她丈夫开玩笑说……
本句中连词until引导时间状语从句，until在肯定句中表示“直到……时候为止”，主句的谓语动词应该用延续性的状态动词；
at last意思是“终于”，在从句中作状语。

...he answered jokingly, “I will do what you ask only if you will ride naked through the streets of Coventry at noon.” ……他开玩笑地回答说：“只要你肯在大中午光着身子骑马穿过考文垂的大街小巷，我就答应你的要求。”
he answered是主谓结构，引号中的句子是引述分句，充当谓语动词answered的宾语；
用引号引述某人的话在英语中叫做“直接引语”，根据英语的习惯，直接引语前用逗号；在直接引语中，时态不受前面引述动词时态的制约；
这里的直接引语本身也是一个复合句结构，主句是I will do what you ask，从句是由only if 引导的条件状语从句；主句中又包含了一个宾语从句what you ask，意思是“你要求的事情”。
在only if 后面的条件从句中，will是表示意愿的情态助动词，不表示将来时态，因为英语中条件状语从句里通常用一般现在时引出条件。
形容词作补语的用法：naked是形容词，作前面you的补语，而不是修饰动词ride的状语。例如：
He nodded, speechless. 他点了点头，没有说话。（speechless是补语，用以修饰主语he）
She lay sick in bed. 他病了，躺在床上。（形容词sick作主语she的补语）
only if 和if一样，也是用来引出条件的，但在语气上更强烈，意思是“只有在……条件下才……”。例如：
I will do this job only if you pay me. 你只有付我钱我才干这份活儿。
在only if用在句首时，主句中的主谓次序要颠倒。例如：
Only if we trust each other can we work together. 我们只有彼此信任才能在一起合作。
Only if you tell me what you think will I accept your decision. 你只有告诉我你的想法，我才会接受你的决定。

Every door was closed and every window was shuttered. 家家户户的门窗都关上了。
这是一个并列句，由连词and引导两个并列分句，在两个分句中动词都用了被动语态，was closed和was shuttered。

The Lord kept his promise, and lightened the burden of taxes that he laid upon the citizens.
(1) 这是一个并列句，由连词and连接两个分句，两个分句的主语都是the Lord，在后一个分句中，由that引导的句子是一个定语从句，修饰前面的taxes。
(2) keep one’s promise意思是“信守诺言”，keep在这里是“履行、遵守”的意思。类似的短语还有：
keep one’s word 说话算数（word要用单数形式）
keep an appointment 守约
keep a schedule 按日程表办事
(3) lay sth. upon sb. 把……施加于某人身上（lay的过去时形式是laid），例如：
Don’t lay the blame upon him. 不要归咎于他。
They laid unjust punishment upon the child. 他们对这个孩子施行了不公平的处罚。

Only one man, a tailor, had watched Lady Godiva as she rode through the streets.
这是一个带有时间状语从句的复合句，引导状语从句的是连词as，它的意思是“当……时候，在……的同时”；
主句中的主语是one man，后面的a tailor是它的同位语，同位语的作用是对其前面的成份作说明和补充，一般在句子中前后要用逗号隔开；
主句中的时态用的是过去完成时，这个时态表示在过去时间里完成的行为或动作；had watched是watch这一动作的过去完成时，由助动词had和过去分词watched构成。

The legend says that he became blind, and he has been known ever since as Peeping Tom. 据传说那个裁缝因此成了瞎子，打那以后他得名叫“偷眼看的汤姆”。
这是一个并列句，由连词and连接两个分句，前一个分句中谓语动词says后跟了一个由 that引导的宾语从句；
says用一般现在时，因为这里表示的是不受时间限制的客观叙述。宾语从句中动词用过去时 became，因为说的是故事中发生的事情；
在后一个分句中谓语是has been known，这是一个被动语态结构，时态上用现在完成时。
ever since 意为“从那时起直到今天，此后一直”，在句中作时间状语，通常用在完成时态的句子中。
Peeping Tom 常指“下流的偷看者”

NOTES TO THE DIALOGUE

He has a cold.
表示病症的短语：
have a cold 感冒
have a fever 发烧
have a headache头疼 [head(头)+ache(痛)]
have a stomachache 肚子疼
have a backache 背疼
have a toothache 牙疼
have a cough 咳嗽
have a chill 受寒
feel nausea感到恶心想吐
feel dizzy感到头晕
have an allergy有过敏症
have a sore throat嗓子疼
suffer insomnia失眠

Did he go to see the doctor?
Yes, he went to the clinic this morning.
see the doctor 去看病，看医生；go to the clinic 去诊所看病；send for the doctor 请大夫来

The doctor said he had a fever and gave him some medicine. 医生说他发烧，给了他一些药。
这是一个并列句；take medicine 吃药

He feels much better. His temperature is down, but he still has a headache. 他现在感觉好多了，他的烧已经退了，但还有些头疼。
much better 好多了（better是well的比较级形式）
feel well feel better
temperature is down 体温降下来了，烧已经退了
His temperature is up. 体温上升。
take one’s temperature 量体温
Let me take your temperature. 让我给你量一下体温。

Tell him not to worry about his studies. We’ll help him to catch up when he’s well. 告诉他别为功课担心，等他病好了我们会为他补上的。
在时间状语从句中以一般现在时代替一般将来时。
worry about 为……担心，为……发愁。例如：
Don’t worry about these bills. Somebody is going to pay them for you. 别为这些帐单发愁，有人会替你付的。
catch up 赶上（接宾语时要加with）例如：
They started out half an hour ago，we must hurry to catch up. 他们半小时前就出发了，我们得加紧赶上去。
It is difficult to catch up with the rising prices these days. 如今很难赶上不断上涨的物价。
help sb. to do sth. / help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。例如：
We helped him (to) clean the house. 我们帮助他打扫屋子。
May I help you with your luggage? 要我帮你抬一下行李吗？

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