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【背景】
注意力的概念
“注意”，是一个古老而又永恒的话题。俄罗斯教育家乌申斯基曾精辟地指出：“‘注意’是我们心灵的惟一门户，意识中的一切，必然都要经过它才能进来。”
注意是指人的心理活动对外界一定事物的指向和集中。具有注意的能力称为注意力。
注意从始至终贯穿于整个心理过程，只有先注意到一定事物，才可能进一步去集训、记忆和思考等。
注意包括被动注意（又称不随意注意）和主动注意（又称随意注意）。
注意力是智力的五个基本因素之一，是记忆力、观察力、想象力、思维力的准备状态，所以注意力被人们称为心灵的门户。
由于注意，人们才能集中精力去清晰地感知一定的事物，深入地思考一定的问题，而不被其他事物所干扰；没有注意，人们的各种智力因素，观察、记忆、想象、和思维等将得不到一定的支持而失去控制。
注意力的五大品质：注意力的稳定性、注意力的集中性、注意力的范围、注意力的分配、注意力的转移。
摘自百度百科
Attention is the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things. Attention has also been referred to as the allocation of processing resources [1]
Examples include listening carefully to what someone is saying while ignoring other conversations in a room (the cocktail party effect) or listening to a cell phone conversation while driving a car.[2] Attention is one of the most intensely studied topics within psychology and cognitive neuroscience.
William James, in his textbook Principles of Psychology, remarked:
“ Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration, of consciousness are of its essence. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others, and is a condition which has a real opposite in the confused, dazed, scatterbrained state which in French is called distraction, and Zerstreutheit in German.
摘自维基百科
