军争篇 NO.3:
故不知诸侯之谋者,不能豫交;
不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者,不能行军;
不用乡导者,不能得地利。
故兵以诈立,以利动,以分和为变者也。
故其疾如风,其徐如林,侵掠如火,不动如山,难知如阴,动如雷震。
掠乡分众,廓地分利,悬权而动。
先知迂直之计者胜,此军争之法也。
这句啥意思:
所以不了解诸侯各国的图谋,就不要和他们结成联盟;
不知道山林、险阻和沼泽的地形分布,不能行军;
不使用向导,就不能掌握和利用有利的地形。
所以,用兵是凭借施诡诈出奇兵而获胜的,根据是否有利于获胜决定行动,根据双方情势或分兵或集中为主要变化。
按照战场形势的需要,部队行动迅速时,如狂风飞旋;行进从容时,如森林徐徐展开;攻城掠地时,如烈火迅猛;驻守防御时,如大山岿然;军情隐蔽时,如乌云蔽日;大军出动时,如雷霆万钧。
夺取敌方的财物,掳掠百姓,应分兵行动。开拓疆土,分夺利益,应该分兵扼守要害。这些都应该权衡利弊,根据实际情况,相机行事。
率先知道“迂直之计”的将获胜,这就是军争的原则。
英文这么说:
We cannot enter into alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors.
We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country—its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices,its marshes and swamps.
We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account unless we make use of local guides.
In war, practice dissimulation, and you will succeed. Whether to concentrate or to divide your troops,must be decided by circumstances.
Let your rapidity be that of the wind,your compactness that of the forest. In raiding and plundering be like fire,is immovability like a mountain. Let your plans be dark and impenetrable as night,and when you move, fall like a thunderbolt.
When you plunder a countryside, let the spoil be divided amongst your men; when you capture new territory,cut it up into allotments for the benefit of the soldiery. Ponder and deliberate before you make a move.
He will conquer who has learnt the artifice of deviation. Such is the art of maneuvering.
白话分析