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The imperial, colonial nations alliance defeated the Boxer Uprising,
帝国殖民列强镇压了义和团起义
and so merrily executed all those suspected of being boxer sympathizers.
但凡同情义和团的人 都被毫不留情地斩首刀下
The Russian emperor and the Qing Dynasty
俄国沙皇和清政府
had maintained a long peace
自1869年的《尼布楚条约》以来
since the 1689 Nerchinsk Treaty.
便和平相处
However, tsarist forces of Alexander II, the Liberator,
但是 人称“解放者”的沙皇亚历山大二世
took the advantage of the decayed Qing Dynasty
看到日渐式微的清政府
the by imposing the 1858 Aigun Treaty
趁虚而入 于1858年强迫其签订《瑷珲条约》
and the 1860 Convention of Peking
和1860年《北京条约》
in which China had to cede territory in Manchuria,
在这些条约中 中国将满洲土地割让出去
much of which is still held by Russia to this day.
其中大部分至今仍在俄罗斯手中
The 1904,1905 Russo-Japanese war was the first great war of the 20th century,
1904、05年日俄战争是20世纪第一场世界大战
it grew out of the rival of the imperial ambitions of the Russian and Japanese empires
缘起皆是因为两国蠢蠢欲动的
over control of Manchuria and Korea.
争夺满洲和朝鲜的帝国主义野心
Russian also wanted a warm water port with access to the Pacific Ocean.
俄国想拥有通往太平洋的不冻港
The Japanese defeated the Russians in a series of battles on land and sea
日本发起一系列海战和陆战 击退俄国
pushing the Russians drew retreat north of the Mo River.
俄军被逼撤退至黑龙江以北
In a peace treaty,
签订的和平协议中
Imperial Russia recognized Korea as part of the Japanese sphere of influence,
沙俄承认朝鲜为日本势力范围
and agreed to evacuate parts of Manchuria.
并且同意让出部分满洲地区
Continued in tense rivalry among Great Britain,
不列颠、俄罗斯、美国、澳大利亚
Russia, the United States, Australia,
德国、法国、奥地利和日本帝国
Germany, France, Austria, Italy and Imperial Japan,
势均力敌 竞争激烈
prevented China from being carved up into many separated colonies by these allied nations,
这反而没让中国被分割成殖民地
known as the imperial powers,
这些被称为帝国列强的
each vied to enlarge its colonial holdings,
都力图扩大其在中国的殖民范围
but their in-fighting resulted only in an even more chaotic status quo.
蛇鼠一窝 只能让中国的局面变得更加混乱
The 10th imperial colonial power in China was Portugal,
第十个帝国列强是匈牙利
which controlled Macao.
葡萄牙占领了澳门
Contrary to the other imperial colonial powers,
与其他殖民列强不同
Portugal enjoyed friendly relations with China.
葡萄牙与中国关系友好
From mutual benefit,
出于利益关系
the Ming Dynasty had leased Macao to Portugal
明政府自1558年起将澳门租借给葡萄牙
in 1558 as a trading port.
作为贸易港口
sovereignty over Macao was transferred back to China, 1999年
中国政府重新收回澳门主权
and since then, this former trading port
之后 这个昔日的贸易港
has become an international gambling and entertainment center,
已经变成国际赌博娱乐中心
surpassing Las Vegas in profits.
风头已然超过拉斯维加斯
