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High amounts of mercury are found
人们发现大量的汞存在于
in large, predatory fish, such as king mackerel,
体积较大的掠食性鱼的体内，如大西洋马鲛
pike, shark, walleye, barracuda, and large tuna.
狗鱼，鲨鱼，白眼鱼，梭鱼类，和大金枪鱼
Therefore, these types of fish should be consumed
因此，这些鱼肉的食用量
at less than a hundred grams per week,
每周不能多于100克
which is a small portion.
这一食用比重很小
For tuna, it is recommended that
对金枪鱼而言，建议大家
it should be consumed no more than twice per week.
每周食用的次数不要超过两次
Potential pathogens in food include listeria,
食物内的病原体包括李斯特菌属
which is an air-borne bacteria that can grow
这是一种空气中产生的细菌，可以在
at refrigeration temperatures.
制冷温度下滋生
Listeriosis can affect the fetus
李氏杆菌可能影响到胎儿
and cause spontaneous abortions.
引发自然流产
It can be found in deli meats and unpasteurized milk;
这种细菌见于熟食和未经高温消毒的牛奶
hence, consuming these foods is not recommended during pregnancy.
因此，不建议在孕期食用这些食物
Toxoplasma gondii is the other pathogen
刚地弓形虫是另一种病原体
that can exist in food.
它存在于食物中
Toxoplasma gondii can pass through the placenta
刚地弓形虫能够穿过胎盘
therefore inflecting the fetus.
进而影响胎儿
Toxoplasma gondii is common in house cats
刚地弓形虫常见于家猫身上
and therefore it is advised against that
因此建议
pregnant women avoid feces of cats
孕妇要避免接触猫的粪便
and wash their hands thoroughly after being around cat feces.
而且要在接触猫的粪便后彻底洗手
It can also be found in contaminated
这种病菌也存在于受污染的
and undercooked meat, unwashed fruits,
或者煮得欠熟的肉类，没洗的水果
unpasteurized milk, and contaminated water.
未经消毒的牛奶以及被污染了的水中
Good food safety practices are important
良好的食物安全措施非常重要
for the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy.
对母亲和胎儿的健康非常重要
Always store food properly,
要正确地储存食物
cook to recommended temperatures,
根据建议的温度烹制食物
avoid cross-contamination
避免交叉污染
and properly clean surfaces and utensils.
彻底清洁餐具和餐台表面
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients
欧美加3脂肪酸是必需营养
meaning they must be provided by the diet.
意味着它们只能通过饮食提供
Studies have shown positive correlations
研究表明
between adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acids
适当的摄入欧美加3脂肪酸
and child growth, development, and health.
与儿童的成长，发育和健康之间有正相关关系
During pregnancy these fatty acids may help
怀孕期间，这些脂肪酸能够帮助
develop cognitive and visual functions in the fetus.
形成胎儿的认知及视觉功能
Although the minimum amount for this
尽管欧美加3脂肪酸的最小摄入量
have not been fully determined.
还未完全有定论
Maternal dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids
母亲在饮食中摄入欧美加3脂肪酸
results in higher levels of these fatty acids
有助于提高母乳中的脂肪酸含量
in breast milk; therefore, during lactation,
因此，在哺乳期间
the omega-3 fatty acids can be transferred
欧美加3脂肪酸可以
from the mother to the fetus.
从母体转移到胎儿身上
Currently, the recommendation for
如今，欧美加3的建议
omega-3 fatty acid consumption is
摄入量是
200 milligrams per day.
每天200毫克
Sources of omega-3 fatty acids
含有欧美加3的食物有
include oily fish such as salmon and fish oils,
含油多的鱼类，如大马哈鱼，鱼肝油
canola oil, and flaxseed.
菜籽油和亚麻仁等
In 2007, Colletsco et al. reviewed randomized studies
2007年 Colletsco和一些学者
on dietary fat intake during pregnancy
综述了一些关于孕期脂肪摄入量的研究
in order to provide a recommended intake level.
目的在于提供一个仅供参考的摄入量
They evaluated studies that have been done on women
他们评估了一些关于怀孕风险低或
with low-risk pregnancies or high-risk pregnancies
怀孕风险高的妇女的研究
and provided daily DHA intakes ranging
并提出每天DHA的摄入量应当从
from 150 to 200 milligrams a day
150毫克至200毫克
up to about 1,200 milligrams a day.
提高至1200毫克
The results of the study were that
该项研究的结果是
dietary fat intake during pregnancy
孕期和哺乳期的脂肪摄入量
and lactation as a proportion of energy intake
是能量来源的一部分
should be the same as that recommended for the general population.
因此，应当和普通人的建议摄入量一样
