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In northern climates, sun exposure is not sufficient
在北半球，秋天，冬天和
in the fall, winter, or spring
春天的日照不充足
to maintain Vitamin D levels.
难以保持维生素D的含量
Therefore, it is especially important to
因此，特别重要的一点是
consume foods rich in Vitamin D during these months.
要在这些季节食用富含维生素D的食物
The discovery of multiple functions of Vitamin D
研究发现维生素D的多种功能
that are important for growth and development
它对生长和发育非常重要
including regulation of cellular differentiation
对细胞分化
and apoptosis, preeclampsia, immune system development
细胞死亡，惊厥前期，免疫系统的发育
and brain development has led to increase interest
及大脑发育都非常重要，这项研究已经引起了
in the role of this vitamin during pregnancy.
大家对孕期卫生素D作用的关注
In 2007, Bouldenar et al. investigated the link
2007年 Bouldenar和他人合作
between preeclampsia and Vitamin D deficiency.
一起研究了惊厥前期与缺乏维生素D之间的关系
In the study, women between sixteen weeks gestation
在这项研究中，调研的女性是怀孕6周
to birth were followed.
到即将临盆的
Serum samples were taken at less than
血清样本是在
22 weeks gestation, a pre-delivery,
怀孕不到22周，临盆前
and from the cord blood.
以及脐带血中提取的
The study included 55 women
研究对象是55名有惊厥前期症状的女性
with preeclampsia and 220 controls.
同时还有220人组成的控制组
The results were that maternal Vitamin D deficiency
研究表明，母体在怀孕22周内
at less than 22 weeks gestation
缺乏维生素D
was a strong independent risk factor for preeclampsia.
是引发惊厥前期的一个重要因素
Importantly, there was a dose response relationship
至关重要的是，一个剂量反应存在于
between maternal serum Vitamin D
产妇血清中维生素D含量
and risk of preeclampsia.
与惊厥前期风险之间
As maternal serum Vitamin D concentrations
随着产妇血清中维生素D的含量
at less than 22 weeks increased,
在怀孕22周得以增加
the risk of preeclampsia stikingly decreased.
发生惊厥前期的可能性会大大降低
Additionally, they observed that
此外，研究人员发现
neonates born to preeclamptic mothers
有惊厥前期的母亲产下的婴儿
were significantly more likely to
更有可能
have a poor Vitamin D status
缺乏维生素D
than neonates of control mothers.
和那些控制组的母亲所产的婴儿相比的话
Early pregnancy maternal Vitamin D concentrations
怀孕早期，母体的维生素D含量
less than 37.5 nanmolars per liter was associated with
每升低于37.5的
a five fold increase in the odds of preeclampsia.
惊厥前期的发生率会提高5倍
At delivery, maternal Vitamin D concentrations
分娩时，母体的维生素D含量
remained 15% lower in women with overt preeclampsia
低于15%的会更易发生前期惊厥
compared with non-preeclamptic controls.
和那些不发生前期惊厥的控制组相比的话
New borns of preeclamptic mothers
前期惊厥的母亲产下的婴儿
were twice as likely as newborns
与控制组母亲产下的婴儿相比更有可能
of non-preeclamptic mothers to have a low Vitamin D.
维生素D含量不足
Folic acid reduces the risk of birth defects
叶酸能够降低先天畸形的风险
that affect the spinal cord.
这类畸形会影响到脊髓
It is also needed to produce blood
同时还需要为婴儿造血
and protein for the baby.
和蛋白质
Unfortunately, most women have low intake
遗憾的是，大多数女性叶酸服用量不足
of folate and therefore risk folate-related problems during pregnancy.
因此，很易在孕期出现相关的问题
For this reason, women are advised to
所以，建议女性
increase folic acid in the diet before they become pregnant.
在怀孕前在饮食中增加叶酸的含量
This may be difficult because many women
这点也许很难，因为很多女性
have unplanned pregnancies.
都是意外受孕
Therefore, it is crucial to increase intake
因此，非常重要的一点是，增加叶酸摄入量
when planning or capable of becoming pregnant.
如果计划怀孕或者能够怀孕时
For most women, starting folate supplementation
对大多数女性而言
one month before pregnancy is sufficient
在怀孕前一个月开始服用叶酸足矣
to ensure adequate folate levels before pregnancy.
这样就可以保证满足孕期叶酸的需求量了
Pregnant women need 600 micrograms of folic acid a day
孕妇每天需要摄入600微克叶酸
which is 200 micrograms a day more than non-pregnant women.
就是要每天比未孕妇女多服用200微克
