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The educational materials presented here were developed
以下教育资讯由爱荷华州立大学
by students and faculty of the department of food
食物科学和人类营养学院的
science and human nutrition at Iowa State University.
师生共同研究产生
Funding for this project was provided by grants from
此项目由美国中西部癌症协会
the American Cancer Society Midwest and the
和兰斯，阿姆斯特朗基金会
Lance Armstrong Foundation. The materials are
提供资助，节目资讯旨在
intended for educational use and are not meant to
教育用途而非提供医疗建议
provide medical advice. We welcome your feedback
我们欢迎您对这些资讯提出
about these materials. Please use the evaluation survey
您的反馈，请点击主页上的
link on the home page to provide your comments and
评估调查链接来提供您的
suggestions.
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Healthy habits build healthy children.
健康习惯造就健康儿童
This presentation will cover food choices in children
这个讲座涉及针对儿童的食物选择
encouraging healthy habits and engaging children in
倡导健康饮食习惯以及吸引儿童加入
meal preparation. Throughout this presentation I will
三餐准备，讲座自始至终我都会提到
refer to a healthy diet. My definition will be
健康饮食，我的定义是根据USDA(美国
according to the USDA's guidelines of "My Pyramid".
农业部)的"我的金字塔"指南而确定的
My pyramid is a resource which advocates ways to
"我的金字塔"是一个向大众提供
promote dietary guidelines for the public. A healthy
倡导膳食指南方式的资源，健康
diet includes lots of fruit, vegetables, whole grains,
饮食包括大量的水果，蔬菜，全谷物
fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products, lean meats,
脱脂或低脂牛奶和奶产品，瘦肉
poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts. A healthy diet
禽肉，鱼肉，豆类，蛋和坚果，健康饮食在
is also low in saturated fats, trans-fats, cholesterol,
饱和脂肪，反式脂肪，胆固醇
sodium and added sugars. To explain more about
钠和添加糖的含量上也很低，要更详细地解释
the pyramid it is broken up into six different food
这个金字塔，就要把它分解为六组不同食物
groups which should be mixed into the diet everyday.
每天须把它们混进饮食中去
Serving sizes are not explicitly mentioned because
备餐量并没有明确地加以解释，因为
they are different for all ages. The food groups are
对不同年龄的人是不一样的，这些食物组
divided into sections of different widths to represent
被分为宽度不同的部分，以此表示
the food groups' need to be consumed at different
这些食物组需要以不同的比率得以消费
ratios. The stair steps on the side remind us that
一边的上台阶提醒着我们
physical activity is a very important component of
体育锻炼对于过健康生活而言也是一个非常
living a healthy life as well and should be considered
重要的组成部分，应该与食物组一起
daily along with the food groups. So how do children
每日进行，那么，孩子们如何学习
learn to enjoy the foods they eat? Let's take a look.
享用他们吃的食物呢?我们来看一看
Naturally, children like foods that taste good to them.
孩子们喜欢吃起来可口的食物，这理所当然
Studies which have focused on which characteristics
有研究聚焦于发现食物的哪些特点
of food children prefer best have found that children
是孩子们最喜爱的，结果是，孩子们
lean towards energy dense foods. Energy dense foods are
倾向于能量食品，能量密集食品是那些
foods high in sugar, salt, and fats. A study which
糖，盐和脂肪含量高的食品，一项研究
examined the facial expressions of infants learned that
观察了婴儿的面部表情，发现
at birth infants prefer the basic taste of sweet best.
婴儿出生时更喜欢基本的甜味
This is mostly because of biological factors that
这主要是生物因素造成的，因为
mother's milk contains natural sugars and milk is
母乳中含有天然糖分，而母乳是
the first source of foods for infants. The study has
婴儿食物的最初来源，研究还发现
also found by introducing new flavors other than
在婴儿六个月大时通过导入除了甜味以外的
sweetness at six months of age an infant's preference
新味觉的方法，婴儿的喜好会
can diverge away from sweetness towards other foods.
从甜味发生偏离，转向其他食物
From this study we can gain that by introducing new
通过这项研究，我们可以知道通过向儿童
foods to children can help increase food preferences
导入新食物的方法，我们能够增加他们除了
other than sweetness. Children's food preferences are
甜味以外的食物喜好，儿童的食物喜好
also influenced by their parents or other influential
同样也被他们的父母或是其他他们生活中
people in their lives. A study focusing on children's
的重要人物所影响，一项研究儿童食物
food environments and their eating habits found that
环境和他们的吃饭习惯的研究发现
a child's dietary habits and food preferences are
儿童是通过他们所处的环境来发展出自己的
developed through their surroundings.
饮食习惯和食物喜好的
