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The ones in the profile are very delicate.
这幅侧面画里的线条都很纤细
Leonardo tended to caress these profiles and he keeps them alive,
达芬奇会擦一下线条,但没有把它们擦没了
many artists if they go over a profile
很多画家如果擦那些线条
twice or three times it dies.
两三次,就会把它们擦没了
Leonardo manages to keep that extraordinary vitality of line
达芬奇设法保持住了线条的活力
even when he's caressing it three or four times
虽然他擦了它们有三四次
to make it the shape he wants.
擦出他想要的形状
But then there are bigger pentimenti.
但还有一个更大的修改笔画
There are ones particularly in the hair,
尤其是头发那里的笔画
the hairstyle call her cap at the back,
她的发式后面戴着的那个叫小帽的东西
originally it was much bigger and much fatter
原本是很大很膨胀的
so there are some quite dramatic pentimenti
所以有一些很大的修改笔画
and we can see the one at the back of her head
我们可以看到她头部后面那个
that Leonardo has used a kind of rubber.
达芬奇用一些类似橡胶的东西
Probably bread crumbs gathered together to take out something
很可能是抓起一把面包屑,在上色之前
that was drawn in chalk before it was inked in.
把原本用粉笔画的东西擦掉
Yeah so there's a series of pentimenti.
是的,上面有很多修改的笔画
The technical analysis also threw up a lot of other things.
技术分析还发现了很多东西
One of the things it threw up was a fingerprint.
其中一样是一个指纹
It also showed under the surface,
也是在画的表面下的
there's been quite a lot of surface restoration,
因为画的表面做过很多修复
that Leonardo,or the artist lets say,
达芬奇,或者说那个画家
had used that bit of his hand to blend the pigments.
用他的手把干粉颜料混合起来
We've been doing a lot of technical analysis of Leonardo's
我们对达芬奇的画做过很多分析
and most pictures,it seems a little bit in the Mona Lisa,
大部分的画...在蒙娜丽莎上面也有一点
but most of the earlier pictures
他早期大部分的画
he used his hands and fingers a lot.
都经常用他的手和手指
So when he was wishing to blend something
所以当他想混合颜料时
he would sometimes use his fingers particularly
他有时会有他的手指
he used that bit of his hand and it's always the right hand
尤其是有时他会用手,而且总是右手
as far as we can tell because he's a left hander.
因为据我们所知,他是一个左撇子
So he's putting some,
他放了一点...
if you can imagine some pastels in and he wants to blend them
你们可以想像一下,他放了一些干粉颜料,他想混合它们
so he just gives them a little caress with that bit of his hand.
所以他用他的手揉了一下
And under the restoration,
在修复下面...
this is something that a forger wouldn't do
赝造者是不会做这一步的
because they wouldn't necessarily know about that
因为他们并不一定会知道有这一步
as it's fairly new knowledge,
这是我们最近才发现的
we found evidence of his handprint technique being used.
我们发现有证据表明他用了打手印的方法
In the left margin we found the tip of a fingerprint.
在左边缘的地方我们找到了一点末端的指纹
It's not like you imagine if you were Sherlock Holmes,
不是你们平常看福尔摩斯的那样
you haven't got a great big pad with a whirl in the middle
有一大个指纹,中间还有一个旋涡
but we've got that little top bit of the finger.
但我们找到了手指末端的一点指纹
And this I got Paul Beuro in Montreal
我找到了蒙特里尔的Paul Beuro
who is a world expert in fingerprints in paintings.
他是绘画指纹的世界专家
He looked at that,fingerprints are highly technical.
他看了这个指纹,辨别指纹需要高度专业的知识
What you and I can see is not very much basically
我们看到那段指纹觉得不是什么了不起的证据
because we don't know what we're looking for.
因为我们不知道怎么辨别
Anyway he looked at that
总之他看了那段指纹
and said there's a very characteristic pattern there,
他说指纹有一个很有特色的纹路
we've got a little longitudinal island amongst that
我们发现指纹上有一个纵向纹岛
which relates to other bits of the fingerprint.
这跟指纹其他部分相连
And he said "Are there other Leonardo fingerprints?"
他说"你们还有别的达芬奇的指纹吗?"
and I said "Leonardo paintings are full of fingerprints!"
我说"达芬奇的画上满是指纹"
which we were increasingly realising.
这是我们越来越肯定的
