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These Goths were in Italy
你们看,这些哥特人曾经在意大利
They were everywhere
他们简直无处不在
They basically pushed the Roman Empire out
可以说基本上是他们将罗马帝国挤出了历史舞台
So these people we have what the Anglos and Saxons
接下来我们看这些人,盎格鲁撒克逊人
We already talked about we're in England about 450
我们已经讨论过他们在公元450左右在英格兰生活
We have the Franks, the West Franks became the French and the East Franks became the Germans
现在我们来看法兰克人,其中西法兰克人后来成为了法国人，东法兰克人后来成为了德国人
They had the Vandals
我们还能找到汪达尔人
We have heard the word "vandalize"
我们一定听过"肆意毁坏"这个词,这就是出处
Maybe we're guilty of it
或许我们还要对此负责呢
We have the East Goths in Italy
东哥特人待在意大利
and the West Goths in Spain, about 450
西哥特人在西班牙境内,这大约在公元450年
So the Visigoths were already in Spain how about 450?
所以西哥特人在450年已经居住在西班牙了
So the West Goths and the Visigoths were in Spain
所以西哥特人在西班牙
for about 250 years before the Moors ever showed up
居住了将近250年,直到摩尔人的出现
One thing about all these tribes
关于这些部落我想说的一件事
These units wandering around
就是这些四处迁徙的部落
They shared certain characteristics, unlike what we find the Roman Empire
他们拥有一些共同的特征，这些特征却不像罗马帝国时期
And this is why sometimes you're referred to dark ages
所以这就是为什么有时候这段时期被称为中世纪黑暗时代
So who's running things ?
那时候有人来统治与管理吗,没有
It's pretty chaotic they're illiterate, they're unsettled,
那个时期相当混乱,他们都是文盲,他们居无定所
they're townless, more or less nomadic, pretty hassle bunch
他们没有聚集成城镇,还是类似于游牧,互相敌对
One of the things that I teach on the first day
我第一天教德语课的内容里,有一点是
when I teach the German course are days of the week
一周七天的德语表达方式
English is a Germanic language,there's something totally German
英语是日耳曼语系的,因此英语和德语有很多相同之处
they're names of the same Sunday in Germany it's Sonntag
德语中有与英语sunday类似的周日的说法是sonntag
Monday's named after the moon it's Montag
周一是以月亮命名的德语中是montag
In most god structures, how many important dubois are there
在大多数神灵结构中,有多少重要的位格
for example in Christianity
比如说基督教
How many dubois are there?
基督教里面有几个神的位格
What's a dubois?
什么是位格
Person, thing
人,或是物
Three Why?
基督教而言,是三个，为什么？
Father, Son, and Holy Ghost
圣父,圣子,圣灵
So there's three and most
有三个并且最多三个
Who are the big ones in Norse Mythology?
在挪威神话中谁是最高的神
I'll give you one, who's Thursday named after?
我来给出其中一名神的名字,星期四是以谁命名的
Thor Thor
托尔 托尔
Actually, Thor's name in Germanic is Donar
事实上,托尔的德语名字是Donar
You know you know it's one of those things that sometimes
你知道有时候事情是这样的
you have a family, if you have an ultrasound
你有一个家庭,将要有一个孩子,你可以用超声波
and you wanna find out you I wanna know the gender
去探测这个孩子的性别
and it's a boy you say, I wanna name him Donar
你发现是个男孩,然后你说"我想叫他Donar"
You know I mean you gonna be 6'9, 285 you say,
你知道我的意思是希望你长的高大魁梧
"My name is Donar"
最好能长成一个强壮的男孩并自豪地说 "我叫Donar"
So obviously, Thor is what he's a god of war
所以很明显地,托尔是谁,他是战神
If you ever thought about it
如果你曾考虑过
When you read about Christmas this year
当你读到有关今年的圣诞节的文章或者资料时
When you think of Santa Claus' reindeers, Donner and Blitzen
当你想到圣诞老人的驯鹿们 Donner 和Blitzen时
Those are Thor's attributes right?
你会发现他们是托尔的象征不是吗
Donner and Blitzen, thunder and lightning
Donner 和Blitzen 雷和闪电
