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But it wasn't really as effective
但体育活动对睡眠的影响
as the psychological factors
仍不及心理原因造成的影响
explaining 30% of their sleep complaints
心理原因导致的睡眠问题占到了30%
And those were depression and stress
主要是抑郁和压力
Now stress didn't come out as the significant variable
压力并非重要的变量
because stress and depression
因为压力和抑郁之间
are so interrelated with each other
存在非常紧密的联系
but those two psychological issues
和生理性变量相比
explain a lot more of the sleep complaints
心理原因更容易导致
than the physiological variables
患者的睡眠障碍
And then there are some social factors
其次是社会因素
Being in the supporter of a relationship
维持某种关系
multiple roles, wife, mother employee
多重角色 如妻子 母亲 员工
have nothing to do with their sleep complaints
这些都不会对睡眠造成多大的影响
But ethnicity and education
但种族差异和受教育的差异
explain about 4% of the variance of their sleep problems
导致的睡眠差异大概为4%
So again, mostly, psychological and health issues
所以这又是和心理以及健康有关的原因
To summarize these studies
总结一下这些研究结论
we really don't know much
我们对中年女性的睡眠情况
about women's sleep in midlife
以及绝经前的睡眠状况
and how it looks before they going to menopause
了解得其实并不多
Most studies were actually looked at women
大多数研究
who are menopausal
关注的都是绝经后的妇女
and that they had actually had no periods for a year
如果她们的月经停了一年
and then they are eligible for studies
就有资格参加研究
We were looking at women in that decade before
在过去10年我们也对这部分女性进行了研究
and we drop them from the research
但现在一旦她们进入绝经期
once they became menopausal or had hysterectomy
或者接受了子宫切除术
or went on hormone therapy
或激素疗法 那么就不再具有参与实验的资格了
So we started to learn a bit more
所以我们开始慢慢的了解
about women in this age group
这个年龄段女性的睡眠情况
The psycho-social factors play a larger role than hormones
心理和社会因素比激素更容易影响睡眠
And women self-report more problems than men
女性自述的睡眠障碍超过了男性
but the objective measures are very similar
但所有这些研究
in all these studies
所采用的客观测量方法都非常大类似
Now in the African American women
非洲裔美国妇女
who are self-reporting poor sleep
自述睡眠状况非常糟糕
and actually sleeping less
睡眠时间也很短
the objective measures
我们客观测量的结果
are similar to their subjective reports
和她们的自述情况非常的接近
