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When Carthage retaliated against Numidia,
在迦太基反击努米底亚时
this fact gave the war party at Rome, led by a mean old dude named Cato the Elder,
这一事实引来了罗马的主战派，那是由一个叫老加图的人领导的
an excuse to attack under the ius fetialis. But in fact,
在使节制度下进攻的借口，但事实上
the Third Punic War was aggressive imperialism plain and simple. Carthage was no longer a danger to anyone, and Rome had no real need to attack. But Cato the Elder relied on his immense personal authority as a leading senator and former censor by ending all of his public utterances with Karthago delenda est, or Carthage MUST be destroyed.
第三次布匿战争是帝国主义的迦太基已经不再对任何人构成威胁，罗马也并不真的需要打仗，但是老加图却依赖于他个人的权威领导着整个元老院，还有之前的检查院。他不再发表任何公开的言论，不再说Karthago delenda est，意思就是迦太基必然灭亡
And destroyed it was, by none other than the future Scipio of Numantia.
但尽管它被摧毁，也只有未来的努曼提亚的西庇阿才能做到
The site of Carthage was supposedly sown with sea salt and its remaining possessions became the province of Africa.
人们认为迦太基的大地上还遗留着海盐，而它其他的财富都成为非洲的一个省份
The cruel sack of two great old cities,
两座伟大古城的洗劫
Carthage and Corinth, marked Rome's control
迦太基和科林斯
of the Mediterranean world,
都意味着罗马对地中海地区的控制
and Rome's determination to hold onto everything
罗马也坚决地竭尽全力
it had captured.Yet Rome itself was on the verge of being captured.
但是罗马本身也处于被征服的危险边缘
From Romulus's day on, Romans had always been in contact with Greek civilization,
在罗穆卢斯的年代，罗马一直是与希腊文明保持接触
either through the Etruscans or through the Greeks themselves.
或是通过伊特鲁里亚人，或者直接通过希腊人
But the good old mos maiorum was about to be challenged by the advanced learning and luxurious lifestyles
但很好的旧制度却由于人们学识增加受到挑战，也受到奢侈生活方式的挑战
Romans encountered on the Greek mainland while fighting wars with the ancient Greeks.
罗马人与希腊人相识，但也在古老的希腊大地上战斗
Suddenly the ways of the Roman ancestiors, the glorious mos maiorum, weren't quite as dazzling as tey had seemed before.
但忽然之间，罗马人的祖先们，他们有着辉煌的制度，但却不如从前那样绚烂
How Rome rose to this challenge is no less impressive than Rome's victories over Carthage and over the Greeks. Segment eight E; Conclusions.
罗马应对挑战的方法并非令人印象深刻，远比不上罗马大胜迦太基，也比不上它击败希腊人，第五部分，结论
One. The Hannibal Channel.
首先，汉尼拔频道
Like many males over the age of thirty-five,
像很多三十五岁的男子
I have been known to watch the History Channel from a while. Although this is not necessarily an endorsement of their undoubtedly fine programming,
我也看了一段时间的历史频道，尽管不是必须，不是必须支持他们的节目
they do have many illustrative shows about a wide range of nations, cultures, and related topics.
但却是有一些精彩的部分，关于众多国家，文化及相关问题
But they are also, at least at this time, kind of fixated on Adolf Hitler.
但他们也是，至少这一次关注阿道夫，希特勒
This reflects the previous generation's tendency to fixate upon the Second World War and on the beginning of the Cold War.
这也显示了上一代人的一个趋势，即关注第二次世界大战以及冷战的开始
This also explains why some of us refer to the History Channel as the, quote, unquote, Hitler Channel. Talking about my generation,
这也解释了为什么我们中的一些人，把历史频道称为希特勒频道讲到我们这一代人
we are more or less historically fixated on the end of the Cold War. Your generation, you being kids, will have to fixate on the terrorist attacks of September eleventh, two thousand and one.
我们多少有点对历史念念不忘，尤其是对于冷战结束时的历史，你们这一代，你们那是还是孩子，你们则关注。911恐怖袭击事件，那是2001年的事
My generation is fixated on that too, but we have less time, you literally have decades.
我们这一代人也关注这一问题，但我们的时间却少得有限，你们却有几十年
The ancient Romans fixated upon Hannibal's invasion of Italy.
古罗马关注的是汉尼拔侵略意大利
The experience of having Hannbal spend more than a decade pillaging Italy
这一段故事是汉尼拔花了十多年的时间掠夺意大利
filled the Romans with a need to keep their enemies as far away as possible.
当时罗马人需要尽力赶走敌人，赶得越远越好
