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And the end of adolescence
青春期的结束时间
has nothing to do with going from 19 to 20
也不一定是19岁和20岁
Increasingly, we have forgotten about this
我们越来越忽视一点
The evidence suggests
有证据显示
that there is no biologic end of adolescence
青春期的结束并不是一个生物学概念
It's a social construct
而是一个社会学概念
It is having a fully adult status
也就是完全具备了成人特质
The anthropologists have actually
人类学家在这个问题上
had some really interesting contribution to this
做了一些有趣的论证
Berry wrote a whole book looking at adolescents
贝利用一整本书
across 107 traditional societies
描述了107个传统社会对青春期的理解
and what he shows is every society recognizes
他写道
adolescence as different than children
所有社会都认为青春期区别于儿童
and not the adult
但又不算成人
but the end of adolescence is being recognized
人们认为青春期的结束
as having full adult roles and responsibilities
应该以完全履行成年人角色和责任为标志
Now in contemporary society
但是在现代社会
when is that?
青春期什么时候结束?
I mean we usually get a laugh
我们经常都会觉得下面这种情况很好笑
because, you know, how many kids
有多少孩子大学毕业后
who graduate from colleges move back with their parents
又搬回去和父母一起住了?
When it is when you get tenure?
是不是到你获得终身教职时才算成年?
I mean this is really interesting question
关于你什么时候才具备了成年人的身份
about when do you fully have adult status
这是一个有趣的问题
Again, we can operationalize these in terms of adult role
我们也可以用成年人的角色这一标准来衡量
but it's a gray area
但这仍是一个灰色地带
and the argument can be made
有很多不同的观点
I made this argument and believe it
我就提出并坚信一个观点
Adolescence has expanded
即青春期被延伸了
Puberty is happening earlier
青春期的开始时间变得更早
and taking on fully adult roles and responsibilities
然后完全承担起成年人的角色和职责
and that can constrain behavior
自身的行为因此受到限制
I think part of the reason that Ronneberg data
我认为罗尼伯格的研究数据
show the sharp drop is
显示了一个极度下降的趋势是因为
once you get a job
一旦你开始工作
we structured environment in certain way
你就受到了这个环境的制约
he got to get up at certain time
他必须每天在固定时间起床
and the responsibilities impose
必须履行身上的职责
I don't think it's biology
我觉得这不是一个生物学的问题
I think it's more social
更多的是一个社会学问题
Now there are, you know, some of the brain development studies
有一些脑部发育的研究证据
people are interested in this
很多人对这些研究都非常感兴趣
but in most studies I have ever seen
但在多数我见过的研究中
young adults look more like adolescents than...
年轻的成年人看起来更像青少年
I mean it's a very gradual shift at the end
我的意思是 这个平移过程是逐渐发生的
and I think the social constraints and responsibilities
我认为社会制约因素和责任
are huge part of this
在中间发挥了重大的作用
And I think that has important implications
而这对我们如何研究青春期
for how we even study adolescence
产生了非常重要的影响
If the nature adolescence itself is boundary on one side by biology
如果青春期的本质一方面是生理上的变化
but on the other side by social context
另一方面又受到社会环境的影响
it forces us to think about the interdisciplinary approach
这就迫使我们不得不采用跨学科的方式
to this interval as a period of development
关注这一特殊的发展阶段
