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We tend to use motivational interviewing
我们倾向于采用访谈的方法了解他们的动力
to probe what are the personal salience aspects of motivation
发现他们获得社会认同的动力是什么
that get real reactions from these kids
我们从这些孩子们的反应上
that they can ground their motivation to change behavior
了解如何通过动力去改变他们的行为
including what time they go to bed
包括什么时候上床睡觉
That's quite variable
这是一个可变的因素
but it might be that there is appearance
但他们上床睡觉可能只是出于外貌的考虑
You know, they want to look better
比如 他们想看起来更好
and they don't want to look tired
不想看起来疲惫不堪
Maybe, for some of them
可能对一些人来说
they may want to get good grades
他们想得到一个好成绩
but getting grades may be part being admired
但好成绩只是被别人赞赏的一部分
For some of them, it's sports
对于其他人来说 是出于体育方面的考虑
I mean it's interesting
所以这个问题非常有意思
In some ways
很多方面
it almost always links to a social domain
这个问题主要属于社会问题
but the individual differences are quite varied
但个体差异仍然很大
From a research perspective
从研究的角度来讲
we are asking more specific questions
我们提出的问题更为具体
about what shifts in puberty
例如青春期发生的这些变化
in terms of these influences in the social networks
对社会关系网产生了什么影响
But I think ultimately
但我认为最终
we need to be giving a lot of thought
我们仍然需要多多思考
and attention to this broad domain
多多注意这个问题
of being admired, being liked
即如何被别人赏识 得到别人的喜爱
being valued as what makes kids feel safe
如何才能让孩子们有安全感
and it has salience to them in their lives
这对他们的生活有重大的影响
and these are really important factors
这些真的都是非常重要的因素
So it's a great question
这个问题问得很好
This issue of what is the end of adolescence
也就是青春期的结束时间
It's certainly not...
肯定不是...
I don't like using the word "teen"
我不喜欢"十几岁"这个词
because I think adolescence begins before...
因为我觉得青春期开始于...
I mean the average onset of puberty
我是说 青春期的平均开始时间为
is between 9 and 11
9岁 11岁
and by 13, the average Americans is 13
美国人一般开始于13岁
so that's almost the end of the physical process
这是一个生理过程结束的时间
So I don't think we should say "teenage"
我不喜欢"十几岁孩子"这种说法
