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And then the other thing that we are more focused on recently with diet
最近，我们越来越关注的一个方面是
is the correct ratio between the types of fats that we eat
不同类型脂肪摄取的正确比例
So the fats that come from corn oil and soy and safflower and cottonseed
玉米油，大豆，红花籽，棉籽中的脂肪
which if you start reading your food labels, they're found in a lot of processed foods
很多加工食品都含有很多
These are the kinds of polyunsaturated fats that are considered more pro-inflammatory
这些多元不饱和脂肪是促炎性的
And we eat a lot of those when start reading your food labels
很多食物标签上都有很多这种脂肪
We also feed a lot of those fats to animals when we put them in feedlots
给牲畜喂食时，也有很多这类脂肪
So the ratio between these pro-inflammatory fats and the anti-inflammatory fats
这类促炎性脂肪和鱼油等抗炎性脂肪的比例
or the, let's say, fish oils, okay
这类促炎性脂肪和鱼油等抗炎性脂肪的比例
has shifted over time and we need to try to shift it to a healthier balance
我们希望能趋于一种更健康的平衡
So kind of broadening our concept of food and thinking about food in terms of the protectors that it gives our body
这里，我们从食物推广到食物所提供的"保护素"概念
When I first studied nutrition
早期的营养研究
we were very focused on protein, fat, carbohydrate, and calorie you know, kind of the big picture
主要集中在蛋白质，脂肪，糖类和卡路里比较大的框架
And of course we thought of vitamins and minerals
之后是维生素和矿物质
but I think that what we've really grown to appreciate in the last at least 20 years
但至少最近20年中，我们开始意识到
is how many other protective components there are in the foods that we eat
食物中还有很多其它保护成分
So moving past these basic nutrients, we've become very focused on what we call phytochemicals
除了基本的营养素外，我们还开始关注植物素
or the protective chemicals that you get in plant foods
也就是从植物中获取的保护性物质
And these include the carotenoids which I'm sure you've heard about
包括类胡萝卜素，你们肯定听过
They're the precursors of the raw material from which vitamin A is made
类胡萝卜素是维生素A前体
Vitamin A is really important for your immune system to work properly
维生素A是免疫系统不可或缺的
I mean, let it on your eyes
特别是对眼睛
And it has many other functions, but carotenoids are also powerful antioxidants that are protective of your tissue
它有很多功能，还是保护组织的强抗氧化剂
And you've heard of flavonoids because of the French paradox and the reason we all used to have more dark chocolate and red wine
你们也许由于法国悖论，听说过类黄酮素，正因为此，我们吃黑巧克力，喝红酒
But it turns out that flavonoids actually are widely dispersed in plant foods
类黄酮素在素食中分布很广
and particularly plant foods that have strong, what we call big color
特别是色泽艳丽的植物
And then, there's other compounds, indoles
还有其它化合物，吲哚
And I always mean to change that. It's isothiocyanates and allyl sulfur
这个拼错了，我总忘了改，异硫氰酸酯及烯丙基硫化物
These are just the sulfur compounds that are found in cabbage type family and in onions and garlic
这是卷心菜类食物中发现的硫化物，洋葱和大蒜中也有
And these sulfur compounds upregulate detoxification systems in our bodies
这类硫化物有助于体内的解毒功能
