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Hypertension is also on the rise and as you can see here, it affects many, many more people
高血压也在增长，如图所示，影响人数越来越多
And this is on the rise despite the fact that we know how to treat hypertension
趋势在增长，虽然我们知道如何治疗高血压
We know what causes hypertension
知道什么导致高血压
and we've had many decades of good studies and good medicines and know how to treat this
对高血压我们有几十年的良好医疗和研究
Of course both diabetes and hypertension are related to the higher rates of obesity
显然，糖尿病和高血压都同肥胖有关
All of us are getting a little bit heavier
很多人体重都越来越重
and there are more people who are obese and that's certainly related here
过于肥胖，这显然和这些有关
But even among people who were normal weight
不过即便是正常体重者
There's more diabetes and more hypertension
糖尿病和高血压患者也在增多
So let's talk about salt and hypertension
下面讲盐和高血压
So I said hypertension is on the rise.
我讲过，高血压正在增长
These graphs tells us that hypertension is not only on the rise
这张图不仅说明高血压在增多
but among people who have hypertension
还说明，有高血压的人
far fewer of them are well controlled with their blood pressure
越来越少能良好控制血压
The number of people who're poorly controlled is also on the rise
控制很差的人数也在增长
We know that the amount of salt you eat is related to your blood pressure
盐的食用量同血压有关
We know this because when we take very controlled studies
我们做过受控研究
and we ask people to lower their salt intake, we know that their blood pressure grows down
降低盐摄取后，人的血压会降低
We know that when we compare countries that have different levels of salt intake
我们对比过不同盐摄取量的国家
Countries that have higher salt intake have higher average blood pressures than countries that have lower salt intake
较高盐摄取量的国家平均血压水平高于低盐摄取量国家
We know this from following people forward over time and watching as their salt intake varies how their blood pressure varies
我们还对人体进行过跟踪研究观察血压如何随盐摄取量变化而变化
This relationship is quite clear there and evident from decades of research
这种关系非常明确，有数十年的研究证据
Now blood pressure as we've said is related to cerebrovascular disease
我讲过，血压关系到脑血管疾病，中风
that is stroke and cardiovascular disease, disease of the heart
以及心血管疾病，心脏病
We know of that 30% decrease in salt intake is associated with a 25% reduction of cardiovascular disease death
据研究 30%的盐摄取量减少能减少25%的心血管疾病死亡率
We know from a great country experiment for Finland,very aggressively lowered the salt in its food supply
根据在芬兰进行的大型国家实验，大幅降低人们食物中的盐含量
that over the years that the salt was going down
经过几年，食盐量减少
Their rates of stroke also went down
对应中风率也减少
And we know that salt intake is important for diabetics in particular
盐摄取对糖尿病患者也很关键
Because of the strong relationship between blood pressure and diabetes and the complications of diabetes
因为血压同糖尿病及并发症之间存在很大的关系
So given the importance of salt intake
了解了盐摄取的重要性
how are we doing?
我们该如何做呢
So this is the recommendations for salt in the US
这是美国盐摄取的建议量
It's recommended in general, that we eat less than 5.8 grams of salt a day
建议每天的盐摄取不超过5.8克
which is less than 2300 mg of sodium
相应钠摄取量小于2300毫克
I'm gonna go back and forth between these a little bit.
这个转换我会反复使用
Here is the conversion 1 g of salt equals 400 mg of sodium
1克盐=400毫克钠
Now even though this is what's on the label of all the foods that you eat
虽然这是标准的摄取量
The reality is that most of us should be using a lower number
但实际上，大部分人应该摄取更少
Most of us should be eating less than 3.8 g of salt
大部分人应该摄取少于3.8克的盐
or less than 1500 mg of sodium
或者说少于1500毫克的钠
