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And swing the elections in their directions
使大选结果倾向共和党
That's a pattern that starts to break down in the Great Depression but then reestablish itself in the 1950s
但这种格局在大萧条时期开始逐步瓦解，但在20世纪50年代的大选中又重现
But then about 1960, it all breaks down
直到1960年，它再次瓦解
And we enter a period with tremendous fluctuations, for example, you'll see the maps later on
而后我们进入了选情极度动荡的时期，你会从以后的地图中发现很多例证
If you look at the northeast New York and New England
例如东北部的纽约州及新英格兰地区
You'll find that in 1956, it voted almost entirely for the Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower only
在1956年时，几乎所有选举人票都投给了共和党候选人德怀特
New York city and Boston really went for The Democrat Adlai Stevenson
只有纽约市和波士顿选了民主党人艾德利
But then 8 years later 1964, we find a total reverse
但8年后的大选中，他们的态度180度大转弯
In this region with just a few exceptions in the camp of the Democrats Lyndon Johnson but then low and behold fast forward again to 1972
新英格兰除了少数几个地区都支持民主党人林顿，看看8年后的情况，1972年的大选中
It switches back to the Republicans
新英格兰又转而倾向共和党人，
and today, at least New England is certainly very clearly in the Democratic camp, at least for our presidential elections go
而现在，至少在新英格兰地区可以确定是倾向民主党阵营的，至少从现在的选情趋势来看是这样的
So we have seen these recent period of fluctuation of instability
所以近几十年的选情都是动荡不定的
And it remains to be seen whether we're going to move into a more stable period of geographical alignments
较为稳定的地理格局是否会形成，这还有待观察
Which is one of the most interesting issues
这是个有趣的问题
So I will go back again, This is a map I showed you before
现在回到历史中来，这幅地图我给你们过
Looking at the period right before the civil war
回顾南北战争前的选情格局
and just noting how strong the Republicans are in the north but nowhere else
北部是共和党人的天下，但在其它地区则没有支持者
No support certainly in the south
在南部显然完全没有
Not much support even in place like southern Illinois
在伊利诺伊南部这些地方，勉强有些
The Republicans of course are the victorious party after the civil war but it face a real challenge,
共和党人显然是在南北战争中获胜的一方，但它也面临一个严峻挑战
how are they going to maintain power when they have such a limited geographical base
那就是如何维持他们手中的权力，由于他们的大本营仅局限于北部
