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While the young nobleman who had literally seen Paris and experienced French freedoms moved in the exact opposite direction.
这位见识过法国和巴黎自由生活的年轻贵族完全转向了这种生活的对立面
The Decembrist Revolution which broke out between Alexander's death and the succession of his brother Nicolas the First was just one result.
在亚历山大去世和他的继任者，弟弟尼古拉斯一世继位期间爆发的十二月党人革命是这种转变的结果之一
Conservative by nature, the circumstances of Nicolas the First's rising to power made him down right reactionary.
本质上就保守的尼古拉斯一世，在当时环境影响下一登上皇位就彻底地走向了反动
During Nicolas's reign, Russia became Europe's greatest power, hence the term Pax Russica, and its effective policeman, hence the term Gendarme of Europe.
在他统治期间，俄国成为了欧洲最强大的国家，因此就有了我们所说的俄国强权影响下的和平，还有高效的警察，也就是我们说的欧洲宪兵
In segment 19b: Catherine the Great, we try as best we can to hit the high points of her reign and establish how she earned the title "The Great".
在19b凯瑟琳大帝一节中，我们会尽力关注她统治的巅峰时期，以及她是如何赢得大帝这个称号的
Unfairly disrespected as a dilettante and a nymphomaniac, she was neither of the above.
通常她被不公正地视为一个骗子和慕男狂，其实她哪个都不是
Catherine, in fact, completed Russia's turn to the West and secured its souther boundaries through a successful campaign against the Turks,
实际上，凯瑟琳完成了俄罗斯的西化，并且通过发动对土耳其的进攻而确保了南部的疆域
something that Peter never managed.
这是彼得大帝从没有做到的
Nor was Catherine's diplomacy any less adroit.
凯瑟琳外交政策的灵活性也毫不逊色
In three successive partitions of Poland, Catherine managed to split up and ultimately remove from the map one of Russia's greatest old enemies.
通过对波兰的连续三次分割，凯瑟琳成功地瓦解并从地图上移走了俄罗斯的宿敌
While Catherine's reforms were more flashy than substantive,
尽管凯瑟琳的改革效果昙花一现，没收到实质性的效果，
at least she set a good example for her successors through her intellectual curiosity and willingness to examine, if not fix, the problems facing Russia.
但至少她通过其求知欲和乐意接受检验的勇气为后继者树立了榜样，即使她并没有解决俄国面临的问题
