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My concern here is with the morality of the practice of interrogational torture,
我这里关注的主要是酷刑的道德性
whether the practice is informal or formalized.
不论这种做法是不是正规化的
As with slavery and unlike genocide or murder,
不同于种族清洗或者谋杀
there is no self-contradiction in supposing that torture might be morally defensible.
酷刑和奴隶制一样设想酷刑可能在道德上站得住脚并不会自相矛盾
But the circumstances of its conceivable defensibility are unrealistic in philosophically interesting ways.
但是有意思的是从哲学角度来看它可能在道德上站得住脚的外部环境却是
It is unrealistic to think decision makers can predict
不现实的认为决策者可以预测到
when torture will affectively yield vital information and to think the practice will be containable.
什么情况下酷刑会有效获得重要信息认为酷刑的做法是可以操控的
It is unwarranted to think human alternatives are impossible and disastrous to reduce motivation to create them.
其实是不现实的认为其它人道主义的方法就不可能达到效果是没有根据的并且因此就不去发掘人道主义方法也是灾难性的
The level of evidence available to interrogators regarding a suspect's identity, knowledge of vital detail, ability to recall it
审问者所掌握的嫌疑人的身份对于重要细节的知情度回忆重要细节的
or reasons for not providing it is unacceptable, unacceptable level of evidence.
能力或者拒绝提供重要细节的原因都属于不可接受的证据
And finally the costs of success would negate the gains sort or so I argue.
并且在我看来酷刑成功所付出的代价
Generals argue that it could have been morally justifiable
也会抵消逼供的收获有人可能会提出当奴隶制与之前对某个人种的所有
or perhaps excusable to support slavery at a time when slavery was an improvement of the prior practice of slaughtering
成年男性实行大屠杀的做法相比已经是一种进步因此当时支持奴隶制
all the adult males of a concrete people.
在道德上是能站得住脚或者说可以被原谅的
Enslavement of the conquered enabled future prisoner exchange to everyone's advantage.
奴役被征服者的做法使得以后的战俘交换成为可能对各方都有好处
Slavery was an evil but tolerating it then,
那时奴隶制是罪恶的但是也是能被人们所接受的
if Rolls was right to suppose it might have been the best realistically available alternative was not a further evil.
但是在当时的情况下用Rolls的话说这可能是最佳的最现实可行的办法
