长篇阅读题型介绍
自2013年12月起,原快速阅读调整为长篇阅读。篇章后附有10个句子,每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题,有的段落则可能不对应任何一题。
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
阅读分项讲解——真题解析
1. 解题技巧:要不要通篇精读?
不要。这个题型的前身就是快速阅读(2013年12月以前的旧题型),阅读量巨大但作答时间只有15分钟。等你一字一句读完,再看10道题,然后再回到文章中逐一锁定答案,等你做完了,别人常规阅读第一篇都做完了。所以,一定要提醒自己,没有时间通篇精读。
2. 解题技巧:应该精读哪些地方?
试题特点决定我们必须精读两处:
第一,10个问题(题干),必须理解得很透彻;
第二,根据题干关键字定位到原文的地方,必须仔细阅读。因为“消化”了锁定的句子,基本就可以确定答案了(或者排除答案),本段其余部分就可以略读甚至不读了。
因此,做这个题型时,不要通篇精读,只需要局部精读。
解题三大步骤
第一步:认真吃透题干,并找出题目涉及的主要信息以及关键词
第二步:回文定位,按顺序略读原文。根据题干中的关键词,迅速在文章中找出与题干信息相关的内容。
第三步:分析定位点(句)。一旦发现与题干关键字“有交集”的内容,立即在段落中画出,然后综合题干信息判断其是否为对应段落。
题干如果是长句:找逻辑连词,如but,although,however,given,more than, 用这些词把长句一分为二,每部分各找1-2个关键词。
题干如果是短句:找三套关键词即可
如何找题干关键词?
1. 主语,宾语
2. 数字,人名,地名
3. 宾语从句,重点信息向后转移
4. 每段句首句尾务必详细阅读
真题练手+名师讲解
2014年6月试题
I Cry, Therefore I Am 我哭故我在
解题步骤 1
十个题干按方法划出关键词:
1. 主语,宾语
2. 数字,人名,地名
3. 宾语从句,重点信息向后转移
4. 每段句首句尾务必详细阅读
谁,干嘛了,怎么样?
十个题干:
46. Nowadays people respect the privacy of grief more than in the past.
如今,人们比以往更加尊重哀伤的隐私。
47. Infants cry to attract attention for survival.
婴儿通过哭泣来吸引生存所需的关注。
48. There is no scientific evidence as yet that animals can shed tears from emotion.
还没有科学证据能够表明动物可以流下饱含感情的泪水。
49. Tears can perform certain communicative functions which words cannot.
泪水能够完成某些语言所无法完成的交际功能。
50. Our ability to experience sympathy is essential to the development of civilization.
我们体验同情的能力对文明的发展至关重要。
51. People are more inclined to cry when suffering minor forms of depression.
人们遭受小挫折时,更容易哭泣。
52. Sometimes people cannot cry despite genuine grief.
有时,虽然十分伤心,人们却哭不出来。
53. In humans' long history, tears have developed an essential role in social relationships.
在人类历史的长河中,泪水已经发展成为社会关系中必不可少的角色。
54. Men are less likely to give reasons for their tears.
男性不太愿意解释他们哭泣的原因。
55. Crying has long been associated with art.
长久以来,哭泣都与艺术有所关联。
解题步骤 2
第二步:回文定位,按顺序略读原文。根据题干中的关键词,迅速在文章中找出与题干信息相关的内容。
A) In 2008, at a German zoo, a gorilla (大猩猩) named Gana gave birth to a male infant, who died after three months. Photographs of Gana, looking stricken and inconsolable (伤心欲绝的), attracted crowds to the zoo. Sad as the scene was, the humans, not Gana, were the only ones crying. The notion that animals can weep has no scientific basis. Years of observations by biologists Dian Fossey, who observed gorillas, and Jane Goodall, who worked with chimpanzees (黑猩猩), could not prove that animals cry tears from emotion.
A)2008年,在德国的一个动物园,一只名为加纳的大猩猩生下了一只雄性小猩猩。三个月后,小猩猩夭折了。加纳遭受打击、伤心欲绝的照片吸引了很多人到动物园来。尽管场面十分伤感,但加纳并没有哭,哭泣的只有人类。(48)动物能够哭泣的观点没有任何科学依据。生物学家迪安·弗塞多年对大猩猩的观察和简·古道尔对黑猩猩的长期研究都无法证明动物能够流下饱含感情的泪水。
【思路】立即发现红体字部分对应题干48多个关键词:
There is no scientific evidence as yet that animals can shed tears from emotion.
还没有科学证据能够表明动物可以流下饱含感情的泪水。
B) It's true that many animals shed tears, especially in response to pain. Tears protect the eye by keeping it moist. But crying as an expression of feeling is unique to humans and has played an essential role in human evolution and the development of human cultures.
B)的确,很多动物都会流泪,尤其是感到疼痛时。泪水可以保持眼部滋润,以保护眼睛。但是,将哭泣作为表达情感的方式是人类独有的,它在人类进化和人类文化发展方面起着至关重要的作用。
【思路】此段略读大意,发现并没有十个题干中的任何对应信息,继续往下读。
C) Within two days an infant can imitate sad and happy faces. If an infant does not cry out, it is unlikely to get the attention it needs to survive. Around 3-4 months, the relationship between the human infant and its environment takes on a more organized communicative role, and tearful crying begins to serve interpersonal purposes: the search for comfort and pacification (抚慰). As we get older, crying becomes a tool of social interaction: grief and joy, shame and pride, fear and manipulation.
C)出生两天之内的婴儿就能模仿悲伤和快乐的面部表情。(47)如果婴儿不能放声大哭,它就很有可能得不到生存所必需的关注。大约3到4个月大的时候,人类婴儿和环境之间呈现出更有组织的互动,而饱含泪水的哭泣开始起到交际的作用:寻求舒适和抚慰。随着年龄的增长,哭泣成为社会交往的工具:表达悲伤和喜悦、羞耻和骄傲、恐惧和操控。
【思路】立即发现红字体部分对应了题干47多个关键词:
Infants cry to attract attention for survival.
婴儿通过哭泣来吸引生存所需的关注。
同时判断,本段已出现一道选题,余下内容可不读,直接跳入下一段。