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The French exploited the land.
法国人选择了剥削这座岛。
They brought in tons of slaves and they were interested in making Saint-Domingue solely an economic producer.
他们运来大量奴隶，只想着把法属圣多明各变成他们的经济来源 。
They destroyed the soil from aggressively harvesting the same crop year after year,
他们年复一年不停耕种同一种农作物，破坏了这里的土壤,
and they created a group of very resentful, overworked, and abused slaves that eventually rebelled.
那些奴隶逐渐劳累过度并且深受压榨，内心充满了仇恨，最终揭竿而起。
The Spanish had a different approach.
西班牙人则不同。
After establishing domination on this island by massacring the indigenous population,
在屠杀了土著人，建立了岛上的统治之后，
they didn't exploit it like the French did.
他们并没有像法国人一样剥削这座岛。
Instead they went to places like Mexico and Peru, to look for gold.
而是到墨西哥、秘鲁等地淘金去了。
So they didn't bring nearly as many slaves onto this island,
所以他们运来的奴隶远没有法属圣多明各多，
and as a result they weren't nearly as profitable a colony.
作为殖民地，挣的钱也远不如这边多。
Instead, the Spanish integrated with the remaining indigenous population,
取而代之，西班牙人选择了与剩下的土著人融合，
by recognizing the native leader's authority and intermarrying with the locals.
他们承认当地领袖的领导，还与当地人实行了通婚。
The result was a smaller and more racially mixed population,
最后形成了一个人口不多，但种族更加多元的社会，
with a sustainable economy and a political system, something totally absent from France's colony.
有可持续发展的经济体制，有自己的政治制度，而这些法属殖民地一样都没有。
This becomes really important in the early 1800s, when independence comes around.
这一差距在十九世纪初就变得尤为重要了，因为独立运动来了。
Haiti declares independence, fights off the French, and basically declares itself the first black, former slave republic in the world.
海地赶走了法国人，宣布了独立，号称自己是世界第一个独立的从奴隶制下解放出来的黑人共和国。
They do so with very little framework for a society and for a government
然而此时，他们几乎还没有对社会和政府作出任何规划，
and they also do so with land that has been exploited, year after year, with the same crop which basically destroys the fertility of the land.
而他们的土地的肥力也已经被同一作物年复一年的过度耕种消耗殆尽。
And to add to all of that, because they were this first black Republic, the world essentially isolated them.
更糟糕的是，因为他们是第一个黑人共和国，外界几乎对他们采取了孤立的态度。
The United States didn't want to recognize the independence of a black nation.
当时的美国并不想承认一个独立的黑人国家。
They thought it might become a slave empire and seek revenge.
他们觉得，它可能变成一个奴隶制帝国，然后找法国人寻仇。
The French showed up on Haitian shores soon after independence,
海地宣布独立不久，法国人就找上门来了，
and said you owe us a debt for all of the assets that you stole from us,
说你们所有的资产都是从我们手里偷来的，这些都是你们欠我们的，
when you became independent, all these economic assets, you owe us that debt and you have to pay it over the next thirty years.
既然你独立了，那这些经济资产，你们欠我们的那些债务，你们都必须在接下来的30年内还清。
This crippling debt Haiti did pay back over years, but it really hampered their development.
海地确实用了很多年来还清这一债务，但也因此严重耽误了这个国家的发展。
This history doesn't exonerate the dictators and corrupt politicians that have plagued Haiti's development since its independence, but it helps explain them.
这段历史虽然不能为海地那些独裁者或腐败的官员开脱，那些人从海地独立就一直在阻碍这个国家的发展，但可以帮助解释他们的行迹。
Suffocating embargoes and the independence debt, as well as the lack of any tradition or investment in governmental institutions,
令人窒息的贸易禁令、独立带来的债务、加上既没有任何政府机关的传统，也没有对政府机关的投资，
guaranteed Haiti's failure from the moment it was born, and a racist world made sure of it.
这一切都让海地从诞生之日就注定会失败，而弥漫整个社会的种族主义风气又让这一命运变得更加板上钉钉。
That racism isn't just embedded into Haiti's history, it is in fact very alive today.
这种种族主义风气不仅埋植在海地的历史中，时至今日也依旧盛行。
As I drive up the border, by coincidence my driver is also a Dominican border patrol official.
我坐车行走在边境的时候，载我的司机碰巧是一名多米尼加边境巡警。
We have hours in the car,
我们在车里共处了好几个小时，
where he slowly and cautiously tells me about how immigration policy has changed in the Dominican Republic in recent years.
期间，他小心地向我缓缓讲述了这些年多米尼加共和国的移民政策发生了怎样的变化。
Regularization Program.
“合法化项目”，
That's a euphemism.
说好听点儿叫“合法化项目”。
He's talking about a policy of targeting anyone of Haitian descent, even citizens, rounding them up and deporting them.
他说的是一项针对所有海堤后裔，哪怕你已经是多米尼加的公民了，对他们进行逐一排查然后驱逐出境的政策。
There's always been anti-Haitian sentiment in the Dominican Republic, usually resulting in racist violence,
多米尼加国内一直弥漫着反海地情绪，这些情绪往往还会演变成种族歧视暴力，
but since 2010, that sentiment has been seeping into legislation.
更严重的是，2010以后，这种情绪还渗入了法律。
The Dominican Constitution that was drafted in 1929, says that anyone born in the country is automatically a citizen, even if your parents were undocumented immigrants.
1929年起草的《多米尼加宪法》规定，任何出生在该国的人，哪怕父母是非法移民，都能自动成为多米尼加共和国的公民。
This is the same in places like the United States,
美国等国家也有这样的规定，
but the DR rewrote its constitution in 2010, to only give citizenship to those born on DR soil, to legal residents.
然而，多米尼加2010年对宪法做了修订，规定只有多米尼加国土上出生的合法居民的后裔才能获得公民权。
Then, in 2013 the high court in the DR ruled that this new definition would be applied retroactively all the way back to 1929,
到了2013年，多米尼加高等法院判决，此宪法修订的实施将一直追溯到1929年，
meaning any citizen who had been born in the DR to undocumented parents would have their citizenship revoked.
这就意味着，所有在多米尼加出生的非法移民后裔的公民身份都会被撤销。
More than 200,000 Dominican citizens, were suddenly stateless.
一夜之间，20多万多米尼加公民变成了黑户。
"It is clearly an illegal act, it is an immoral act, it is a racist act by the Dominican government. And it's happening because these people are black."
“多米尼加政府的这一做法显然不合法，也不道德，还带有种族主义性质。之所以会发生这一切，原因就在于他们是黑人。”
Dominican law said that if these stateless people wanted to stay in the DR,
多米尼加法律还规定，如果这些无国籍人士想要继续留在多米尼加，
they would have to go to a government office and put their name on this foreigner registry.
就需要到政府办公室在外国人注册表上登记。
The government gave these people one year to either get their name on the registry or face deportation.
政府限期一年，让这些人要么去登记，要么等着被驱逐出境。
Over 55,000 have been officially deported since the June 2015 deadline.
从2015截止日期以来，已有超过5.5万人被正式逐出多米尼加。
The UN estimates that 128,000 people have voluntarily fled to Haiti, a country many of them have never lived in.
联合国估计，有12.8万人自愿逃到了海地，尽管他们中大多数都从未去过那个国家。
Some came here to this camp on the border, where they've been living in limbo for years.
一些人来到了这个边境上的难民营，并且在这个垃圾堆里一住就是好几年。
Having 200,000 people being able to vote in election could change an outcome.
如果有20万人能在选举中投票的话，结果就可能不一样。
