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Sometimes you know exactly what you need to do, and you don't need to think about it.
有时候你不需要去想就清楚你要做什么。
Like, maybe you've heard the urban legend of a firefighter putting out a fire in a kitchen with his crew.
比如，你可能听说过一个传闻，一名消防队员和他的队员在厨房灭火。
Suddenly, he got the sense that they all needed to evacuate.
突然，消防队员意识到他们都需要撤离。
Right after getting out, the kitchen floor collapsed, because the fire was actually coming from the basement underneath the kitchen.
刚一出来，厨房的地板就塌了，因为火实际上是从厨房下面的地下室里冒出来的。
Without the firefighter's instinct, his crew could have easily died.
如果没有消防队员的本能，他的组员很容易就会丧命。
Stories like this celebrate gut decisions: someone deciding quickly and confidently without knowing exactly why.
这样的故事讲的是直觉决策：某人在不知道确切原因的情况下迅速而自信地做出的决定。
They're often based on what psychologists call your intuition, and they're not always reliable.
这些决策通常是基于心理学家所说的直觉，直觉并不总是可靠的。
But after decades of research, scientists can point to times where you might want to listen to them.
但经过几十年的研究，你可能会想听听他们的见解。
Many researchers who study gut intuition think of your decisions as the result of two ways of thinking, which they call System 1 and System 2.
许多研究直觉的人员认为，决定的产生是两种思维方式的结果，他们称之为系统1和系统2。
Apparently, they weren't feeling too creative that day.
那天他们感觉不出太多的创造性。
These systems aren't biological things you might find in the brain, but they are a useful model for how people make choices.
这些系统不是大脑里的生物系统，而是供人们如何做出选择的有用模型。
System 1 is what you might think of as your gut intuition.
系统1是你的本能直觉。
It's the part of your mind that runs automatically and gives you default responses to choices, usually based on association or recognition memory.
它在人脑中自动运行，面对选择时给你默认反应，这种反应通常基于联想或识别记忆。
For example, if you see someone walking a dog that looks like yours, your first reaction might be to go pet it.
例如，如果你看到有人遛的狗和你的狗很像，你的第一反应可能是去抚摸它。
Because that's just what you do with cute, floppy-eared pups.
因为这就是你对耷拉着耳朵的可爱狗狗们做的事。
System 2 checks your gut intuition, and it usually takes some conscious effort.
系统2核实你的本能直觉，这通常需要一些意识上的努力。
It's the system that says, "Hold up. You've never met this dog before, so let's take a moment to think about how this could go wrong. Like, maybe it might bite you."
系统2会说，“等一下，你之前从未见过这只狗，所以花时间想想怎么可能是你的狗，也许它会咬你。”
In a lot of cases — like voting, or picking a college — System 2 can help you get your best answer,
在很多情况下，比如投票，或者选择大学，系统2可以帮助你得到最好的答案，
but that doesn't mean you should always ignore your gut.
但这并不意味着你要忽略你的直觉。
For example, if you're an expert in something — say, chess — your intuition for that activity is probably more accurate and worth listening to.
例如，如果你是某方面比如国际象棋专家，那么你对象棋的直觉可能更准确也更值得一听。
You've spent a long time practicing, so you've basically built up a huge library of memories for your intuition to draw on.
你花了很长时间练习，所以基本上你已经建立了一个庞大的记忆库，供你的直觉使用。
That means you could make faster, still-accurate decisions without thinking through all the logical possibilities.
这意味着你可以在不考虑所有逻辑的情况下做出更快，并且依然准确的决定。
Then again, not all experience leads to this kind of expert intuition.
然而，并不是所有的经验都会出现这种专家直觉。
Psychologists think you need an environment with some kind of regularity that you can learn through practice and feedback.
心理学家认为，你需要一个有规律的环境，通过练习和反馈来学习。
It doesn't have to be completely predictable, but the uncertainty needs to follow patterns, like in chess or poker.
它不必是完全可预测的，但其不确定性需要遵循模式，就像下棋或扑克一样。
This is why firefighters and clinical nurses often have more accurate gut feelings, while stock market enthusiasts don't.
这就是为什么消防员和临床护士往往有更准确的直觉，而股市狂热者却没有。
Even if these people have a lot of experience, the stock market is just too complex, and the feedback is too vague to really train their intuition.
即使股市狂热者有很多经验，股票市场也太复杂了，反馈也太模糊，无法真正训练他们的直觉。
Another situation where you might want to go with your gut is maybe more surprising.
另一种情况，即遵从自己的直觉可能更加出人意料。
According to some research, if a decision only matters to you, going with your gut might also make you more satisfied with your result.
根据一些研究，如果一个决定只对你重要，那么你的直觉可能会让你对结果更满意。
In a 2018 study in the journal Emotion, 90 people were asked to decide between two DVD players.
2018年发表在《情感》杂志上的一项研究中，90人被要求在两台DVD播放器中做出选择。
They were told to either make a rational analysis, or go with a gut feeling.
他们被告知要么进行理性分析，要么凭直觉行事。
And those who did the latter said they thought the choice reflected their true, inner self more.
那些凭直觉行事的人表示，自己的选择更多地反映了真实、内在的自我。
Follow-up studies showed the same effect, and also found that going with their guts made people more certain,
后续研究也显示了同样的效果，而且还发现跟从自己的直觉会让人更加笃定，
and more likely to share their choice with their friends.
更有可能与朋友分享他们的选择。
This effect has been shown in other papers, too.
其他论文也显示了这种效应。
So if you want to be happier about a decision, or pick something that feels more genuine, maybe trusting your intuition is a decent idea.
所以，如果你想为自己的决定感到更加开心，或者做出一些更真实的选择，也许相信你的直觉是个不错的主意。
Now, you might be thinking, "But Brit! I make all of my decisions with pure logic, so I don't need to trust my gut."
现在，你可能会想，“但是！我做的所有决定都合乎纯逻辑，所以我不需要相信自己的直觉。”
Well, the truth is, you might be missing out on a helpful resource in general — not just in these specific kinds of situations.
事实上，通常你可能会错过一些有用的资源——不仅仅是在这些特定的情况下。
In a 2004 Brain Cognition study, researchers demonstrated this by having 43 people train their gut responses in a simple card game.
在2004年的脑认知研究中，研究人员让43个人玩一个简单的纸牌游戏，训练他们的直觉反应，结果证明了这一点。
Players had to keep drawing from four decks. Some were bad decks that looked good.
玩家必须从四副牌中抽牌，有些牌看起来不错。
In other words, if you kept drawing from them, they would give consistent payouts,
换句话说，如果你一直想抽牌的话，它们会给你稳定的回报，
but would have an occasional huge loss that more than wiped out the wins.
但偶尔也会有巨大的损失，这些损失比盈利还要大。
Other decks were good, but looked bad. The regular payouts were smaller, but the losses weren't as devastating.
其他的牌是好牌，但看起来很差。定期支付的金额较小，但损失没有那么大。
Most people would take 40 to 50 draws to figure out what was going on and switch to drawing from the good decks.
大多数人会抽40到50张牌来弄清楚到底是什么情况，然后转抽好牌。
But before then, their stress response would kick in for the bad decks.
但在这之前，在抽不好的牌时，他们会出现压力反应。
An electrode on their hand measured that they were sweating more on average before drawing from bad decks, even before they could figure out that they were bad.
他们手上的电极显示，在抽坏牌，甚至在他们意识到是坏牌之前，他们平均出汗更多。
So even though their logical mind hadn't caught up yet, some part of their brain was making the association.
所以，即使他们的逻辑思维没有跟上，他们大脑的某些部分已经在形成这种联系。
It turns out this is a really useful skill, too.
事实证明，这也是一项非常有用的技能。
The same card game was given to people who had damage in a part of their brain called the orbitofrontal cortex.
同样的纸牌游戏也适用于大脑中眼窝前额皮质受损的人。
It's at the very front of your brain right above your eyes, and is associated with integrating emotions into your plans and choices.
眼窝前额皮质就在眼睛上方的大脑最前方，它关乎着计划和选择过程中情绪的融入。
This group never showed a stress response before seeing the card, and would keep picking from the bad decks.
这组人在看到牌之前从未表现出压力反应，他们会继续从坏牌中挑选。
Sometimes, they could even report which decks were which, but still went with the bad ones.
有时，他们甚至可以说出哪一副牌是哪，但还是会选择坏牌。
Even beyond card games, this loss of gut feeling can be pretty impairing.
甚至跳脱出纸牌游戏，失去这种直觉会产生坏的结果。
These kind of patients usually do well on things like intelligence tests,
这类患者通常在智力测试等方面做得很好，
but without gut feeling, they often make less-than-ideal choices in their daily lives.
但是如果没有直觉，他们经常会在日常生活中做出不太理想的选择。
There are definitely situations where it makes sense to get logic involved,
在某些情况下，逻辑是有意义的，
but overall, it's often not a bad idea to listen to your gut feelings throughout the day.
但是总的来说，全天听从你的直觉并不是一个坏主意。
That's especially true if you're an expert or looking for a little extra satisfaction.
如果你是一个专家或者想要一点额外的满足感，这一点尤其重要。
And if a firefighter suddenly tells you to leave a building, it's probably a good idea to trust their intuition, too.
如果一个消防队员突然告诉你要离开大楼，相信他们的直觉可能也是一个好主意。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych!
感谢收看本期心理科学秀！
If you'd like to be among the first to see videos like this,
如果你想成为第一批看到这类视频的人，
or you want to keep learning about the things that make people tick,
或者你想继续学习那些让人兴奋的事情，
you can go to youtube.com/scishowpsych and subscribe.
你可以登陆youtube.com/scishowpsych订阅我们的节目。
