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President-elect Donald Trump made "illegal immigration" the keystone of his campaign, and recently has criticized so-called "sanctuary cities" in the U.S. Specifically, he's threatened to cut off federal funding to any city that resists the federal government on immigration enforcement. But what exactly are sanctuary cities, and what can Trump really do to stop them?
当选总统唐纳德·特朗普把“非法移民”作为他竞选的重点，最近还批评了美国所谓的“庇护城市”。具体来说，他威胁要不再给予任何抵制联邦政府移民执法的城市的联邦资金。但究竟什么是庇护城市，特朗普到底能做些什么来废除它们？
Well, a "sanctuary city" is a term used to describe cities, towns or jurisdictions that have made a commitment to limit their collaboration with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE. Given that ICE is in charge of detention and deportation of undocumented immigrants, sanctuary cities are a small check on the federal government's immigration authority.
“庇护城市”是一个术语，用来描述一些城市、城镇或司法管辖区，它们承诺限制与美国移民和海关执法局的合作。鉴于移民和海关执法局负责拘留和驱逐非法移民，庇护城市是对联邦政府移民当局的一个小规模检查。
One recent analysis found that 39 cities in the U.S. had passed resolutions, policies, or laws limiting cooperation with ICE. Another study found that just twelve of the larger cities on that list house nearly 20 percent of the country's estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants.
最近的一项分析发现，美国有39个城市通过了限制与移民和海关执法局合作的决议、政策或法律。另一项研究发现，在该名单上的较大城市中，只有12座城市居住着美国约1100万非法移民中的近20%的人。
ICE's immigration work is separate from that of local law enforcement, and ICE usually doesn't have the authority to make demands of local police. And conversely, local police aren't required to do the work of immigrations officers. It's a basic division of federal, state, and local responsibilities.
移民和海关执法局的移民工作与当地执法部门的移民工作是分开的，移民和海关执法局通常无权向当地警方提出要求。相对地，地方警察也不需要做移民官员的工作。这是联邦、州和地方职责的基本划分。
ICE can request that local police detain suspects for them, but court rulings prohibit them from ordering such detentions, as they are often challenged as unconstitutional.
移民和海关执法局可以要求当地警方为他们拘留嫌疑人，但法院裁决禁止他们下令拘留，因为他们经常被质疑违宪。
All of this means that there's a very complicated give and take between federal and local law enforcement, and ICE has been very careful not to appear commandeering with local jurisdictions.
所有这一切都意味着，联邦和地方执法部门之间存在着非常复杂的相互让步，移民和海关执法局一直非常谨慎，避免出现与地方司法管辖区的争权。
Cities like New York, San Francisco, Washington DC, and Los Angeles have decided through policies to focus on law enforcement without regard to immigration status. This is adopting a sort of immigration "don't ask, don't tell" approach. Proponents of this approach say it makes immigrant populations feel freer to report crimes. Supporters also point to evidence that immigrants of any legal status actually commit fewer crimes than non-immigrants.
像纽约、旧金山、华盛顿特区和洛杉矶这样的城市已经通过政策决定，在不考虑移民身份的情况下，将重点放在执法上。这采取了一种“不问不说”的移民方式。这种方式的支持者表示，它使移民人口更容易报案。支持者还指出，有证据表明，任何具有合法身份的移民实际上比非移民犯下的罪行更少。
