评论
打印
Presidents tend to get who they want for their administration. But it hasn't always worked out that way.
总统们倾向于得到他们想要的政府工作人员。但并不总能得偿所愿。
Since the nation's founding, the Senate has vetoed nine Cabinet picks. The most recent was in 1989, when the Senate narrowly rejected President George H. W. Bush's nomination of Senator John Tower, amid allegations that he was an alcoholic and a womanizer.
自美国建国以来，参议院已经否决了9次内阁人选。最近的一次是在1989年，当时参议院以微弱优势否决了乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什总统对参议员约翰·托尔的提名，原因是他被指控酗酒和玩弄女性。
As president-elect Donald Trump builds his own Cabinet, many have wondered what power the Senate has to deny any of his controversial choices. So how does this process work?
随着当选总统唐纳德·特朗普组建自己的内阁，许多人都想知道参议院有什么权力来否决他的任何有争议的选择。那么，这个过程是如何运作的？
Well, to start, it's important to note that Donald Trump's Cabinet picks are nominations, not appointments. The Constitution states that the President has the power to choose "ambassadors, Supreme Court judges, and all other officers", but only under the "advice and consent" of the Senate. These so-called 'other officers' have come to be defined as the 'Cabinet', and they cannot be sworn in until they're approved by a majority of the Senate.
首先，需要注意的是，唐纳德·特朗普的内阁人选是提名，而不是任命。宪法规定，总统有权选择“大使、最高法院法官和所有其他官员”，但必须得到参议院的“建议与同意”。这些所谓的“其他官员”已经被定义为“内阁”，他们只有得到参议院多数通过才能宣誓就职。
These rules apply to all 'Cabinet level officials', including the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive departments, but not the White House Chief of Staff. Experts say most of Donald Trump's Cabinet picks will see little to no pushback from the Republican-led Senate.
这些规定适用于所有“内阁级别的官员”，包括副总统和15个行政部门的负责人，但不适用于白宫办公厅主任。专家表示，唐纳德·特朗普的大部分内阁人选几乎不会受到共和党主导的参议院的反对。
However, several of Trump's more controversial nominees may have a harder time. Take potential Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who, in 1986, was denied a position as a District Court Judge after he was found to have made racist statements. Specifically, Sessions allegedly once condoned the Ku Klux Klan and labeled the NAACP and ACLU as "un-American".
然而，特朗普的几位争议较大的提名人选可能会遭遇更艰难的处境。以候选的司法部长杰夫·塞申斯为例，1986年，他被发现发表种族主义言论后，被剥夺了地区法院法官的职位。具体来说，据称，塞申斯曾一度宽恕三K党，并将全国有色人种协进会和美国公民自由联盟贴上“非美国”的标签。
Another appointment which may see confirmation problem, sets Rex Tillerson, for Secretary of State. Not only does Tillerson's career as CEO of Exxon Mobil present domestic conflicts of interest, but he also has deep business ties with Russia, not to mention personal ties with President Vladimir Putin.
另一项可能在确认上出现问题的任命就是，雷克斯·蒂勒森将成为国务卿。蒂勒森担任埃尔森美孚公司首席执行官的职业生涯不仅反映了国内的利益冲突，而且他还与俄罗斯有着深厚的商业关系，更不用说与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京的私人关系了。
In order for Tillerson to become Secretary of State, he must first be confirmed by the Senate's Foreign Relations Committee. Then, his nomination goes to the floor of the Senate, where it only needs a simple majority to pass.
为了让蒂勒森成为国务卿，他必须首先得到参议院外交关系委员会的确认。然后，他的提名将在参议院进行，参议院只需要简单多数票即可通过。
