经济学人:美国遇史上最严重黑客入侵,幕后黑手系俄罗斯?(3)

时间:2021-01-07 08:35:00 来源:经济学人编辑:Melody 可可英语APP下载 | 可可官方微信:ikekenet

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Yet this effort to stamp norms onto a covert and chaotic arena of competition has been unsuccessful.
然而，这种将规范强加于隐蔽而混乱的竞争舞台的努力却没有成功。

For one thing, it is not always simple to define what is "honourable", in Mr Hayden's parlance, and what is not.
首先，用海登的话来说，界定入侵行为是否“光荣”并不总是那么简单。

is Russia stealing emails to understand American policy, or to publish them later?
俄罗斯窃取电子邮件是为了了解美国政策，还是为了稍后公布它们？

But espionage conducted over computer networks has enabled intelligence gathering on a scale that was previously impossible.
但通过计算机网络进行的间谍活动使情报收集达到了前所未有的规模。

Though America has been as much a beneficiary of this intelligence revolution as it has been a victim,
尽管美国既是这场情报革命的受益者，也是受害者，

American views of "what's allowed in cyberspace" have changed since the OPM breach five years ago, says Max Smeets of the Centre for Security Studies in Zurich.
苏黎世安全研究中心的马克斯?斯梅茨称，自从五年前人事管理局被攻破以来，美国对“网络空间准入什么”的看法已经发生了变化。

Such large-scale espionage "would be now at the top of the list of operations that they would deem as unacceptable," he suggests.
他表示，美国目前认为如此大规模的间谍活动“将是不可接受的首要行动”。

"Deterrence is mostly irrelevant in an intelligence contest," writes Joshua Rovner of the American University in Washington, a scholar-in-residence at the NSA in 2018-19.
美国国家安全局2018-19年度的驻校学者、华盛顿美国大学的约书亚·罗夫纳写道：“威慑在情报竞赛中大多无关紧要。”。

"No combination of threats and promises will stop a rival intelligence service from collecting information."
“任何威胁和承诺的结合都不能阻止敌对情报机构收集信息。”

扫描二维码进行跟读打分训练

1. after the fact 事后

On some vital decisions employees were only informed after the fact.

有一些重大决策雇员只在事后才获悉xemzK=&*Fm6.#Swi+。

2. be irrelevant in 无关紧要

He acknowledged that Mr Taylor's colour and ethnic origins were utterly irrelevant in the circumstances.

他承认在这种情况下泰勒先生的肤色和种族出身完全无关紧要18Oyga=)~A。

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vaccine	['væksi:n]	想一想再看 n. 疫苗
combination	[.kɔmbi'neiʃən]	想一想再看 n. 结合，联合，联合体	联想记忆 X 单词combination 联想记忆： combine结合+ation表名词，“行为，过程，结果”→结合，联合
irrelevant	[i'relivənt]	想一想再看 adj. 不恰当的，无关系的，不相干的	联想记忆 X 单词irrelevant 联想记忆： ir不+relevant（adj 有关的；相应的）->不相干的
competition	[kɔmpi'tiʃən]	想一想再看 n. 比赛，竞争，竞赛
breach	[bri:tʃ]	想一想再看 n. 裂口，破坏，违背，（浪的）冲击，决裂 v	联想记忆 X 单词breach 联想记忆： breach＝break（n 破裂；v 打破，违犯）
revolution	[.revə'lu:ʃən]	想一想再看 n. 革命，旋转，转数	联想记忆 X 单词revolution 联想记忆： re翻+volut转+ion→翻转→革命，变革
unacceptable	['ʌnək'septəbl]	想一想再看 adj. 不能接受的，不受欢迎的
rival	['raivəl]	想一想再看 n. 对手，同伴，竞争者 adj. 竞争的	联想记忆 X 单词rival 联想记忆： riv=river河，由“河”引申为“流动，跑，一起跑+al表名词，“人，物，状态”→竞争→竞争者
espionage	[.espiə'nɑ:ʒ]	想一想再看 n. 间谍活动	联想记忆 X 单词espionage 联想记忆： espion＝spy（n 间谍）；spy作词根是“看的意思
previously	['pri:vju:sli]	想一想再看 adv. 先前，在此之前