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When I was a kid, I lived in a pretty analog world.
我小时候生活的世界是一个万物模拟的世界。
But then, that all started to quickly change.
后来，一切都开始飞速变化。
My music, my communications, my social networks -- everything started to become digital.
无论是听歌，通信还是社交——一切都迈入了数字时代。
And the force behind it all was this thing that seemed, at least to me at the time, almost magical.
好像有一股神奇的力量在背后推动着，至少对于那时的我来说是这样。
This thing called "software."
而这股力量就是“程序”。
But then, over time, I realized that software isn't magic, it's just logic.
但是，随着时间的推移，我明白了程序并没有什么神奇之处，它只是遵循一定的逻辑运行而已。
It's code that tells the computer what to do and how to do it.
真正向计算机发出指令，明确其任务以及执行步骤的是代码。
And that early realization really still sits at the core of how I view my job as Microsoft's Chief Environmental Officer,
早早地明白这一点，至今仍极大地影响着我对微软首席环境官这份工作的理解。
where I help the company play its part in developing the code behind one of the most complex programs the world has ever dared to develop:
我的职责是帮助公司参与开发一个代码去操控全世界最大胆、最复杂的程序中的其中一个程序：
a program that takes, as input, all of the carbon associated with all of the economic activity on the planet, and returns, as output, the value zero.
这个程序需要你输入全球经济活动所产生的全部碳排放量，然后你会得到一个结果，数值零。
Zero additional carbon accumulating in the atmosphere by the year 2050.
也就是到2050年达到“碳中和”，实现二氧化碳的“零排放”。
Now Microsoft's contribution to this is both simple and ambitious.
微软对此的贡献既简单又雄心勃勃。
By 2030, we’ve committed to reduce our emissions by half or more and then physically remove the rest from the atmosphere.
到2030年，微软承诺碳排放量将减少至少一半，剩余的那一部分，我们会将其从大气中彻底清除。
And then, from 2030 to 2050, to continue not just zeroing out our annual emissions, but to go back in time and remove all the emissions we're associated with since we were founded in 1975.
2030年到2050年期间，我们除了会继续致力于将每年的碳排放量清零，还会清除自1975年创立以来和公司有关的所有碳排放。
Thank you.
谢谢。
And what we've learned as a result of our almost two years working towards this target is that any developer of a net-zero carbon program really faces the same challenges that your typical software engineer might.
我们为这一目标付出了近两年的努力，我们从中认识到，所有净零碳排放程序的开发者实际上面临着传统意义上的软件工程师都可能会面临的挑战。
They must avoid bugs in their code.
那就是他们都必须避免代码出现任何漏洞。
Bugs are errors that cause a program not to work or to do things that its author didn't intend or doesn't understand.
所谓漏洞，就是代码错误，会让程序无法正常运行，违背开发者意图甚至开发者也搞不明白发生了什么。
And if you know anything about software, you know that bugs are bad.
假如你对程序多少有些了解的话，你就会知道出现漏洞可不是什么好事。
Well, unfortunately, what's become clear is that there are already a few clearly significant bugs in the world's early net-zero program.
可遗憾的是，有一点越来越显而易见，那就是，尚处于早期发展阶段的全球净零程序存在一些巨大漏洞。
For instance, we lack a common meaning of the term “net-zero.”
比如，我们对“零碳”一词尚未形成全球统一的定义。
We lack a common unit of measurement to assess the climate impact of any net-zero approach.
我们尚未确立一个国际通用的计量单位，用以衡量每项零碳举措的成效。
And we’re failing to mature the markets the world will need to achieve a net-zero carbon economy by 2050.
目前来看，市场尚未发展成熟，尚不足以在2050年实现零碳经济。
And so what I want to do is just go into a few details, I guess, on each of these bugs, and then talk really quickly about how I think we might be able to fix them.
基于此，我想深入谈谈这些漏洞，再简要谈谈如何修复这些漏洞。
And first up is the meaning of “net-zero.”
首先，我想谈谈“净零”的含义。
Now, the global definition of net-zero is pretty simple: all of the carbon that humans put into the atmosphere, humans must take out.
当前国际上对“净零”的定义再简单不过：人类必须将所有因人类活动产生的碳从大气中清除掉。
That sounds supersimple; as we all know, it's turning out to be extremely difficult to do, but that's especially so if you have not ensured alignment between individual, organizational and global definitions of “net-zero.”
这听上去简直小菜一碟；但是众所周知，落实起来难如登天，更何况公民个人、组织机构以及国际社会对于“零碳”的定义都意见不一呢？
