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John Tyler's presidency was largely defined by what happened in those first few months after he assumed the office.
约翰·泰勒的总统任期很大程度上是由他就职后最初几个月发生的事情决定的。
In September of 1841, a special session of Congress was called to address the ongoing financial crisis.
1841年9月，国会召开特别会议，讨论持续的金融危机。
Twice during that session, Henry Clay and the Whigs passed bills to create a national bank that they believed was needed to write the economic ship and twice they were stymied when President Tyler vetoed the bill.
在那次会议上，亨利·克莱和辉格党两次通过了建立国家银行的法案，他们认为这是经济发展所必需的，但两次都被泰勒总统否决。
As a result, nothing was done, and the Whigs looked impotent.
结果，什么也没变化，辉格党看起来束手无策。
This enraged Clay whose electoral landslide was now falling to pieces all around him.
这激怒了克莱，他在选举中大获全胜，现在他周围的人都分崩离析了。
But in hindsight, it hardly seemed surprising since Tyler had always been opposed to a central bank.
但事后看来，这并不奇怪，因为泰勒一直反对建立中央银行。
The real question is why the Whigs would have risked putting him on the ticket in the first place.
真正的问题是，辉格党为什么一开始就冒险让他参选。
Harrison was 68 years old, an old man by 19th century standards. There was always a risk of him dying in office.
哈里森当时68岁，按照19世纪的标准，他算是个老人了。他总是有在办公室离世的风险。
It seems the only answer to this is that nobody thought of it as a possibility.
似乎唯一的答案是，没有人认为他能竞选成功。
Eight presidents had come and gone before Harris, and all of whom completed their terms without issue.
在哈里斯之前，有八位总统来来去去，他们都顺利完成了任期。
Whatever the reason for putting him on the ticket, the Whigs surely regretted doing so now now and they took their wrath out on John Tyler by ejecting him from the party in the fall of 1841, leaving him as a president without a party.
不管是什么原因让他参选，辉格党现在肯定后悔这么做了，他们把愤怒发泄在约翰·泰勒身上，1841年秋天，他们把他赶出了党，让他成为了一个没有政党的总统。
The entire cabinet Tyler had inherited from Harrison resigned except the Secretary of State Daniel Webster.
除了国务卿丹尼尔·韦伯斯特，泰勒从哈里森那里继承的内阁成员全部辞职。
Tyler had few friends in Washington.
泰勒在华盛顿几乎没有朋友。
The Whigs now hated him and the Democrats though they were delighted to see their opponent's agenda, shredded like this weren't willing to accept him into their ranks either, not with Andrew Jackson still as their leader.
辉格党恨死他了，民主党人虽然很高兴看到对手的议程被这样粉碎，但也不愿意接受他加入他们的行列，因为安德鲁·杰克逊仍然是他们的领袖。
Tyler would go up against the Whigs again in 1842.
泰勒将在1842年再次对抗辉格党。
This time over the issue of tariffs. With federal income tax still decades away, import duties one of the only ways that the federal government made money.
这次是在关税问题上。由于联邦所得税还有几十年才开征，进口关税是联邦政府赚钱的唯一途径之一。
Once again, the issue split on sectional lines.
再一次，这个问题在不同区域分歧很大。
Northern states favored high tariffs as it protected their industries from European competition while Southern states hated them because it impeded their exports of cotton to attack star mills of Great Britain.
北方各州支持高关税，因为这可以保护他们的工业免受欧洲的竞争，而南方各州则讨厌高关税，因为这阻碍了他们出口棉花以攻击英国的明星纺织厂。
Tyler as a southerner favored free trade but like many idealists that find themselves in positions of executive power.
泰勒作为南方人支持自由贸易，但像许多理想主义者一样，他们发现自己处于行政权力的位置。
He discovered that in order to actually run the country, he needed to raise tariffs not lower them.
他发现，为了管理国家，他需要提高而不是降低关税。
The federal government was running out of money in 1842.
联邦政府在1842年耗尽了资金。
There was a real risk of the United States being unable to pay its bills.
美国确实有无力偿还债务的风险。
Still for months, Tyler battled Congress over how much the tariffs should be raised, whether it should be a temporary or permanent measurement over the fate of distribution.
几个月来，泰勒与国会争论关税应该提高多少，是暂时的还是永久的分配措施。
An emergency program that gave the profits from federal land sales to the state so that they could pay off their own debts.
这是一项将联邦土地出售的利润交给州政府的紧急计划，这样他们就可以偿还自己的债务。
He vetoed two more bills that summer before an agreement that satisfied nobody was finally worked out.
那年夏天，他又否决了两项法案，最终达成了一项无人满意的协议。
His bridges with the Whigs were now well and truly burned and Henry Clay resigned from the Senate.
他与辉格党之间的纽带现在彻底被烧毁了，亨利·克莱辞去了参议院的职务。
Everyone knew it was to prepare for his run for presidency in 1844.
每个人都知道这是为1844年的总统竞选做准备。
There was even talk of impeaching the president for the first time in history though grounds to do so were never found.
甚至有历史上第一次弹劾总统的讨论，尽管从来没有找到这样做的理由。
