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Evidence now suggests that diets heavy in UPFs can cause overeating and obesity. Consumers may blame themselves for over-indulging in these foods, but what if it is in the nature of these products to be overeaten?
现在有证据表明，超加工食品含量过多的饮食结构会导致暴饮暴食和肥胖症。消费者可能会责怪自己过度沉迷于超加工食品，但如果这些产品本身就是会让人们过量食用呢?
In 2014, the Brazilian government took the radical step of advising its citizens to avoid UPFs outright.
2014年，巴西政府采取了激进措施，建议公民彻底避免食用超加工食品。
The country was acting out of a sense of urgency, because the number of young Brazilian adults with obesity had risen so far and so fast, more than doubling between 2002 and 2013 (from 7.5% of the population to 17.5%).
巴西之所以采取行动是出于一种紧迫感，因为巴西肥胖年轻人的数量涨幅如此之大、上升得如此之快，在2002年至2013年间增加了一倍多(从人口的7.5%增加到17.5%)。
These radical new guidelines urged Brazilians to avoid snacking, and to make time for wholesome food in their lives, to eat regular meals in company when possible, to learn how to cook and to teach children to be “wary of all forms of food advertising”.
这些激进的新指导原则敦促巴西人不要吃零食，在生活中抽出时间吃健康的食物，尽可能规律饮食并与他人一起用餐，学会做饭，并教育孩子“警惕各种形式的食品广告”。
The biggest departure in the Brazilian guidelines was to treat food processing as the single most important issue in public health.
巴西指导原则中最大的不同是将食品加工视为公共卫生中最重要的一个问题。
This new set of rules framed unhealthy food less in terms of the nutrients it contains (fats, carbohydrates etc) and more by the degree to which it is processed (preserved, emulsified, sweetened etc).
这套新规定对不健康食品的界定不是依据其所含的营养成分(脂肪、碳水化合物等)，更多的是依据食品的加工程度(腌制、乳化、增甜等)。
No government diet guidelines had ever categorised foods this way before. One of the first rules in the Brazilian guidelines was to “avoid consumption of ultra-processed products”.
在此之前，政府的饮食指导原则从未对食物进行过这样的分类。巴西指导原则的第一条规定是“避免食用超加工产品”。
They condemned at a stroke not just fast foods or sugary snacks, but also many foods which have been reformulated to seem health-giving, from “lite” margarines to vitamin-fortified breakfast cereals.
指导原则一次性否定的不仅是快餐和含糖零食，还有许多经过重新配方后看起来有益健康的食品，比如“低热量”人造黄油和添加维生素的加强版早餐麦片等等。
From a British perspective -- where the official NHS Eatwell guide still classifies low-fat margarines and packaged cereals as “healthier” options -- it looks extreme to warn consumers off all ultra-processed foods (what, even Heinz tomato soup?).
从英国的角度来看----英国国家医疗服务体系的健康饮食指南仍将低脂人造黄油和包装的麦片归类为“更健康”的选择----警告消费者远离所有超加工食品(什么，亨氏番茄汤罐头也不行?)是一种有些极端的做法。
But there is evidence to back up the Brazilian position. Over the past decade, large-scale studies from France, Brazil, the US and Spain have suggested that high consumption of UPFs is associated with higher rates of obesity.
不过，有一些证据为了巴西的做法提供了证明。在过去十年中，法国、巴西、美国和西班牙的大规模研究表明，大量摄入超加工食品与较高的肥胖率有关。
