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Which foods qualify as ultra-processed? It's almost easier to say which are not. I got a cup of coffee the other day at a train station cafe and the only snacks for sale that were not ultra-processed were a banana and a packet of nuts.
哪些食品能被称作超加工食品? 要说哪些不是就容易多了。几天前，我在火车站的咖啡店买了一杯咖啡，店里出售的零食中，只有香蕉和一小包坚果不是超加工食品。
The other options were: a panini made from ultra-processed bread, flavoured crisps, chocolate bars, long-life muffins and sweet wafer biscuits -- all ultra-processed. What characterises ultra-processed foods is that they are so altered that it can be hard to recognise the underlying ingredients.
其他可选择的食物是: 用超加工面包制成的帕尼尼、调味薯片、巧克力棒、超长保质期的松饼以及甜威化饼干，这些都是超加工食品。超加工食品的特点是，食物的变化如此之大，以至于很难识别出基本原料是什么。
These are concoctions of concoctions, engineered from ingredients that are already highly refined, such as cheap vegetable oils, flours, whey proteins and sugars, which are then whipped up into something more appetising with the help of industrial additives such as emulsifiers.
这些都是调制品的调制品，由廉价的植物油、面粉、乳清蛋白和糖这些已经高度提炼的原料制成，并在乳化剂等工业添加剂的帮助下，将这些东西混合并制成更诱人的食品。
Ultra-processed foods (or UPF) now account for more than half of all the calories eaten in the UK and US, and other countries are fast catching up. UPFs are now simply part of the flavour of modern life.
在英国和美国，超加工食品现在占了摄入的所有热量的一半以上，其他国家的占比也在迅速赶上这一水平。超加工食品已经成为现代生活味道的一部分。
These foods are convenient, affordable, highly profitable, strongly flavoured, aggressively marketed -- and on sale in supermarkets everywhere.
这些食品食用方便、价格实惠、利润丰厚、口味浓烈、营销力度大，各地的超市都在出售。
The foods themselves may be familiar, yet the term "ultra-processed" is less so. None of the friends I spoke with while writing this piece could recall ever having heard it in daily conversation.
对这些食物我们可能很熟悉，但对"超加工"这个词就没那么熟悉了。在写这篇文章时，我问过的朋友中，没有一个人记得在日常对话中听到过这个词。
But everyone had a pretty good hunch what it meant. One recognised the concept as described by the US food writer Michael Pollan – "edible foodlike substances".
但每个人都对这个词的意思猜得挺准。其中一人认可了美国食物作家迈克尔·波伦提出的概念："可食用的类似食物的物质"。
Some UPFs, such as sliced bread or mass-produced cakes, have been around for many decades, but the percentage of UPFs in the average person's diet has never been anything like as high as it is today.
一些超加工食品，如切片面包、批量生产的蛋糕，已经存在了几十年，但超加工食品在普通人饮食中所占的比例从未像今天这样高。
It would be unusual for most of us to get through the day without consuming at least a few ultra-processed items. You might say that ultra-processed is just a pompous way to describe many of your normal, everyday pleasures.
对于我们大多数人来说，每天不吃一些超加工食品是不正常的。你可能会说，用"超加工"来描述你每天吃的一些普通的、好吃的东西有点太夸张了。
It could be your morning bowl of Cheerios or your evening pot of flavoured yoghurt. It's savoury snacks and sweet baked goods. It's chicken nuggets or vegan hotdogs, as the case may be.
它可能是你早上吃的一碗麦片圈，也可能是你晚上喝的一罐风味酸奶。它是咸味小吃和烘焙甜品，也是炸鸡块或素食热狗，具体是什么要看情况。
It's the doughnut you buy when you are being indulgent, and the premium protein bar you eat at the gym for a quick energy boost. It's the long-life almond milk in your coffee and the Diet Coke you drink in the afternoon.
它是你放纵时购买的甜甜圈，是你在健身房吃的快速补充能量的优质蛋白棒。它是你加在咖啡里的长保质期杏仁奶，也是你下午喝的健怡可乐。
Consumed in isolation and moderation, each of these products may be perfectly wholesome. With their long shelf life, ultra-processed foods are designed to be microbiologically safe.
单独食用或适量食用这些食品中的每一种，都可能是非常有益健康的。超加工食品的保质期很长，这种设计本身就让它免受微生物污染。
The question is what happens to our bodies when UPFs become as prevalent as they are at the moment.
问题是，当超加工食品变得像现在这么普遍时，我们的身体会发生什么变化。
