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Managers vs leaders
经理vs领导
A distinction that is both valid and unhelpful.
有道理但无用处的区分。
If you were asked to imagine a manager, you might well conjure up someone comically boring, desk-bound and monotonal.
如果有人让你想象一位经理，你很可能会想到一个乏味得可笑、整天坐在办公桌前、单调沉闷的人。
Now do the same for a leader. You may well be picturing someone delivering a rousing speech. A horse may be involved.
现在，再想象一位领导。你脑海中出现的很可能是某人在发表一场振奋人心的演讲。可能还会想到一匹骏马。
You almost certainly have different types in mind. There is indeed a distinction between managers and leaders, but it should not be overdone.
对经理和领导的想象绝对是不同的。二者确实是有区别的，但不应过分强调这种区别。
Various attempts have been made to pin down the differences between the two, but they boil down to the same thing. Managers, according to an influential article by Abraham Zaleznik in the Harvard Business Review in 1977, value order; leaders are tolerant of chaos.
为了弄清经理和领导之间的区别，人们进行了各种尝试，但归根结底都是一回事。根据1977年亚伯拉罕·扎莱兹尼克在《哈佛商业评论》上发表的一篇有影响力的文章，经理重视秩序，领导能容忍混乱。
A later article in the same publication, by John Kotter, described management as a problem-solving discipline, in which planning and budgeting creates predictability. Leadership, in contrast, is about the embrace of change and inspiring people to brave the unknown.
约翰·科特后来在《哈佛商业评论》也发表了一篇文章，他将管理学描述为一种解决问题的学科，其中制定计划和预算带来了可预测性。与之相反，领导力则是拥抱变化，激励人们直面未知。
Warren Bennis, an American academic who made leadership studies respectable, reckoned that a manager administers and a leader innovates. Some of these definitions might be a tad arbitrary but they can be useful nonetheless.
沃伦·班尼斯是一位美国学者，他使领导力研究变成一门受人尊重的学科，他认为经理负责管理，而领导进行创新。其中一些定义可能有点武断，但仍然很有用处。
Too many firms promote employees into management roles because that is the only way for them to get on in their careers. But some people are much more suited to the ethos of management.
有太多的公司提拔员工担任经理职务，因为他们只有这一条职业发展途径。但有些人的气质更适合管理岗位。
They are more focused on process; they like the idea of spreadsheets, orderliness and supporting others to do good work. Shopify, an e-commerce firm, has created separate career paths for managers and developers with these differences in motivation in mind.
他们更专注于流程，他们喜欢电子表格、秩序和支持他人做好工作。电子商务公司Shopify考虑到了这些不同的动机，并为经理和开发人员开辟了不同的职业发展道路。
The difference between managing and leading is not just a matter of semantics. Research by Oriana Bandiera of the London School of Economics and her co-authors looked at the diaries of 1,114 CEOs in six countries, and categorised their behaviours into two types.
管理和领导之间的区别不仅仅是语义上的区别。伦敦政治经济学院的奥莉安娜·班迪埃拉及其合著者研究了6个国家1114名首席执行官的日记，并将他们的行为分为两类。
On their definitions, “leaders” have more meetings with other C-suite executives, and more interactions with multiple people inside and outside the company. “Managers” spend more time with employees involved in operational activities and have more one-to-one meetings.
按照他们的定义，“领导者”与其他高管会面的次数更多，与公司内外部多人互动的次数也更多。“管理者”会花更多时间与参与运营工作的员工在一起，也会有更多的一对一会面。
Leaders communicate and co-ordinate; managers drill downwards and focus on individuals.
领导者进行沟通和协调，管理者关注更细节的信息，并专注于个人。
