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Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil. And I'm Beth.
你好。这里是BBC英语六分钟。我是尼尔。我是贝丝。
Would you like some fried chicken and chips with gravy, Beth?
贝丝，你想要一些炸鸡，配上薯条和肉汁吗？
No thanks, Neil. I don't really like fried chicken. It's too oily for me.
不用了，谢谢，尼尔。我其实不太喜欢炸鸡，它太油了。
Okay, no problem. But, maybe you'd like some organic poulet roti in a tender meat jus with frites?
好的没问题。但也许你想要一些有机的烤鸡，配上嫩肉汁和薯条？
Ooh! Now, that sounds interesting. What is it?
听起来很有趣，那是啥？
Well, it's French for… chicken and chips with gravy! It's a strange fact but the same dish described using different words can make it sound more delicious, more exotic and more desirable.
它在法语中的意思是……鸡肉薯条加肉汁！很奇怪，但用不同词语描述同一道菜可以让它听起来更美味、更异国情调、更令人向往。
Restaurants think carefully about the language they use to describe the food on their menus, trying to make it sound appealing, tasty or poetic.
餐馆仔细考虑菜单上食物的描述，试图让它听起来有吸引力、美味或富有诗意。
Instead of hamburgers, we have 'gourmet burgers', it's 'jus' not gravy, and raspberry 'coulis' sounds a lot tastier than raspberry sauce.
我们有“美味汉堡”而不是汉堡，是“嫩肉汁”而不是肉汁，覆盆子“果酱”听起来比覆盆子酱好吃得多。
Many of the words used to describe gourmet food - that's food which is higher-quality and more sophisticated than usual - are French, coming from a country with a long tradition of high-level cooking called haute cuisine.
许多用来形容美食（指比平常更高品质、更精致的食物）的词汇都是法语，来自一个有着悠久的高级烹饪传统的国家。
But how does the language used to describe food affect our psychology, and help restaurants make menus which are both tempting and profitable?
但描述食物的语言如何影响我们的心理，并帮助餐厅制作出既诱人又有利可图的菜单呢？
That's what we'll be finding out in this programme, along with some useful new vocabulary as well. But first I have a question for you, Neil.
这就是我们将在本节目中谈论的内容，以及一些有用的新词汇。但首先我有一个问题要问你。
To train as a classical French chef takes months as a full-time apprentice, but what is the name of the most famous cooking school teaching French haute cuisine? Is it: a) Le Cordon Bleu? b)Le Cordon Rouge? or, c)Le Cordon Noir?
作为一名全职学徒，要接受古典法国厨师的培训需要几个月的时间，教授法国高级美食的最著名的烹饪学校叫什么名字？ 是：a) 蓝带国际学院吗？ b) 红带？ 或者，c) 黑带？
Well, I think it's le Cordon Bleu.
嗯，我认为是蓝带国际学院。
OK, Neil, I'll reveal the correct answer later. It's important for restaurants to describe items on the menu so diners know what to expect, and many chefs think foreign words sound more exciting.
稍后我会揭晓正确答案。对于餐厅来说，描述菜单上的菜品非常重要，这样顾客就知道可能会有什么食材，而且许多厨师认为外来词听起来更令人兴奋。
But according to linguist, Dr Keri Matwick, the use of French is decreasing. Here, Keri explains why to Ruth Alexander, presenter of BBC World Service programme, The Food Chain:
但根据语言学家Keri Matwick博士的说法，法语的使用正在减少。Keri 向BBC国际频道节目《食物链》的主持人露丝·亚历山大 (Ruth Alexander) 解释了原因：
Yeah, there are studies that show that because it sounds fancier, you know, therefore… French food has long been considered the gourmetfood, and it was popular.
有研究表明，法语听起来更高级，所以法国菜长期以来一直被认为是美食，而且很受欢迎。
But I would say in now there's a tendency to not use French because it sounds pretentious. So it can turn a diner off.
但我想说，现在的趋势是不用法语，因为它听起来很浮夸，会让顾客失去兴趣。
Many restaurants use French names in menus because they sound fancy, an adjective meaning special or unusual, with lots of decoration.
许多餐馆在菜单中用法语，因为听起来很花哨，花哨是一个形容词，意思是特殊或不寻常，并且有很多装饰。
Keri disagrees. She thinks French names used to be popular but are now seen as pretentious.
克里不同意这一说法。她认为法国名字曾经很流行，但现在被认为是自命不凡。
If something is pretentious, it tries to appear more important or clever than it really is.
如果某物是自命不凡的，它就会试图显得比实际情况更重要或更聪明。
Some diners like the French names, but it turns other diners off. If something turns you off, it makes you stop feeling interested or excited.
一些顾客喜欢法国名字，但它却让其他顾客望而却步。如果某件事让你感到厌烦，它会让你失去兴趣或不再兴奋。
Brazilian chef Caroline Martins agrees that using French names in menus is becoming a thing of the past.
巴西厨师卡罗琳·马丁斯（Caroline Martins）也认为，在菜单中使用法语已经成为过去式了。
Caroline has stopped using French names in her pop-up restaurant, Sampa, in Manchester, as she explained to Ruth Alexander, for BBC World Service programme The Food Chain:
卡罗琳在位于曼彻斯特的快闪餐厅Sampa中不再使用法语，正如她在BBC国际频道节目《食物链》中向露丝·亚历山大解释的那样：
I am classically trained in French cuisine. I was using a lot of French terms, you know, and that wasn't very welcome.
我接受过法国美食方面的正式培训。我用了很多法语术语，但这不太受欢迎。
People would be very confused, they would ask me, ‘Oh, what is this brunoise? What is this chiffonade?'.
人们会很困惑，会问我，‘brunoise是什么？chiffonade是什么？’
They would definitely avoid the dishes, or they would be sarcastic as well about it, you know.
他们肯定会避开这些菜肴，或是对此进行讽刺。
I had people booking a table, sitting down, and then they start seeing all these French terms, and they just leave. Yes, yes, I had that happening.
人们预订一张桌子，坐下来看到所有这些法语术语后就离开了。我就遇到过这种情况。
You had people walking out of the restaurant? They just think, ‘This isn't for me!'. ‘This isn't for me!…What is this…?' You know, ‘What am I eating? I wanna eat food, I don't wanna eat names, posh names, you know.'
你有碰到这种情况吗？他们只是想，“这家餐厅不适合我！这是什么？我在吃什么？我想吃食物，我不想吃豪华的名字。”
Instead of feeling excited about dishes described in French, Caroline's diners were sarcastic about them, they mocked and made fun of them. Some diners even walked out!
卡罗琳的顾客们对用法语描述的菜肴并不感到兴奋，而是进行讽刺和揶揄，甚至有人离开！
Caroline thinks French makes her cooking sound too posh, toofashionable, expensive and not available to everyone.
卡罗琳认为法语让菜肴听起来太豪华、太时尚、太昂贵，不是每个人都能看得懂。
She has now started using English and her native Brazilian Portuguese on the menu and is pleased with the results – customers don't feel confused, and their curiosity about the Brazilian dishes starts a conversation with the waiter.
她现在开始在菜单上使用英语和她的母语巴西葡萄牙语，顾客不会感到困惑，由于好奇巴西菜肴开始与服务员对话，对此结果，卡罗琳十分满意。
Hmm, all this talk of food is making me hungry, Neil. Anyway, it's time to reveal the answer to my question. What's the name of the famous French cooking school that teaches haute cuisine?
一直讨论食物，我都饿了，尼尔。是时候揭晓答案了。教授高级烹饪的著名法国烹饪学校叫什么名字？
I said it was Le Cordon Bleu. Was I right?
我说的是蓝带国际学院。对吗？
Le Cordon Bleu was… the correct answer! The famous culinary arts school, Le Cordon Bleu, first opened its doors in Paris is 1895.
蓝带国际学院是正确答案！著名的烹饪艺术学校蓝带国际学院于1895年在巴黎首次开设。
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this programme, starting with gourmet food, food which is better quality and more sophisticated than usual, and is often more expensive.
让我们回顾一下此次节目中学到的词汇，从美食开始，美食比普通食物质量更好，烹饪更复杂，而且通常更贵。
The adjective, fancy, means special, unusual, and decorative.
形容词fancy的意思是特殊的、不寻常的和装饰性的。
If someone is pretentious, they try to appear more important or clever than they really are.
如果某人自命不凡，他们会试图表现得比实际情况更重要或更聪明。
The phrase, to turn someone off, means to make someone stop feeling interested or excited.
“to turn someone off”这个短语的意思是让某人失去兴趣或不再兴奋。
If you say something sarcastic, you mock and insult something by saying the opposite of what you mean.
如果你说一些讽刺的话，你就是说与你意思相反的东西来嘲笑和侮辱某事。
And finally, the adjective posh means fashionable, smart, expensive and exclusive.
最后，形容词posh意味着时尚、聪明、昂贵和独特。
Once again, our six minutes are up! Join us again soon for more trending topics and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now! Bye!
六分钟时间又到了！很快会再见面，想要了解更多热门话题和有用的词汇，请访问六分钟英语。暂时再见了！再见！
