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Like the case of the Vibrio cholerae and the CTXφ bacteriophage hunting them.
就像霍乱弧菌和CTXφ噬菌体猎杀它们的情况一样。
Most strains of the cholerae bacteria are harmless and billions of them may live in your gut right now.
大多数霍乱弧菌菌株都是无害的，目前你的肠道中可能就生活着数十亿种霍乱弧菌。
When CTXφ infect the bacteria, they gift them the genes for the cholera toxin, which permanently becomes part of their genetic lineage forever.
当CTXφ感染细菌时，它们会将霍乱毒素基因赠予细菌，而这些基因将永远成为细菌遗传谱系的一部分。
It's like handing a house cat a shotgun. Vibrio cholerae shower these toxins at the cells lining your gut, making them sick.
这就像给家猫一把猎枪。霍乱弧菌会将这些毒素喷洒到肠道内壁细胞上，使它们生病。
They vomit large amounts of salt, which pulls out a flood of water into your intestines.
它们会吐出大量的盐，而盐又会将大量的水冲入肠道。
This causes explosive diarrhoea and vomiting, draining your body of fluid. If untreated, about half of patients die. But for the phage and bacteria this is great.
这会导致急性腹泻和呕吐，排出体内的液体。如果不及时治疗，大约一半的患者会死亡。但对于噬菌体和细菌来说，这是一件好事。
They are carried out of the body to infect more humans, spreading and multiplying further.
它们被带出体外，感染更多的人，进一步传播和繁殖。
This strain of Vibrio cholerae is now a dangerous enemy of humanity thanks to this virus.
由于这种病毒，这种霍乱弧菌菌株现在已成为人类的危险敌人。
Or the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, which is hunted by the phage with the amazing name: φSa3ms.
或者是金黄色葡萄球菌，这种噬菌体有一个神奇的名字：φSa3ms。
Usually the bacteria is mostly harmless and lives on your skin and inside your nose.
通常，这种细菌大多无害，生活在你的皮肤和鼻子里。
It doesn't do anything useful per se, its main job is to take up space, making it harder for hostile bacteria to colonise your body.
它本身不做任何有用的事情，它的主要工作是占据空间，使敌对细菌更难在你的身体中定居。
But φSa3ms can change this quickly – it carries multiple dangerous genes, like giving a cat flamethrowers and grenades.
但φSa3ms可以迅速改变这一点——它携带多种危险基因，就像给猫火焰喷射器和手榴弹一样。
If such a modified Staphylococcus aureus bacteria gets into your body through a tiny cut, it becomes extremely dangerous.
如果这种经过改造的金黄色葡萄球菌通过微小的伤口进入您的身体，就会变得极其危险。
One of its new weapons are superantigens, which basically is like injecting your immune cells with cocaine.
它的新武器之一是超抗原，这基本上就像向免疫细胞注射可卡因一样。
The toxin completely breaks your carefully fine tuned immune system. It activates all of your T cells, all at once and makes them flip out.
这种毒素会彻底破坏您精心调节的免疫系统。它会同时激活您所有的T细胞，并使它们失控。
They release a tsunami of cytokines, activating all of your defenses at once. The infection is flooded with cells that can't fight the bacteria and cause heavy inflammation.
它们释放出海啸般的细胞因子，同时激活您所有的防御系统。感染中充斥着无法抵抗细菌的细胞，并引起严重的炎症。
Your broken and confused immune cells have a really hard time fighting Staphylococcus aureus, which now invades, penetrating deep into your tissue.
您破碎而混乱的免疫细胞很难抵抗金黄色葡萄球菌，而金黄色葡萄球菌现在已经入侵并深入您的组织。
Your body is trying to seal the wounds and isolate the invader, but another new weapon it gained has the ability to just dissolve the barriers and penetrate even deeper.
您的身体试图封住伤口并隔离入侵者，但它获得的另一种新武器能够溶解屏障并渗透得更深。
Before the onset of antibiotics an infection with Staphylococcus aureus was very deadly and we have φSa3ms to thank for making it even deadlier.
在抗生素出现之前，感染金黄色葡萄球菌是非常致命的，而φSa3ms让它变得更加致命。
But the viruses of our virome may also directly save your life – by killing cancer.
但是我们病毒组中的病毒也可能直接拯救你的生命——通过杀死癌细胞。
Cancer Killing Viruses. Oncolytic viruses specialize in hunting and killing cancer – like the Newcastle Disease virus or the Reovirus, who mostly ignore your healthy cells and instead hunt down tumors.
溶瘤病毒专门追捕和杀死癌症——比如新城疫病毒或呼肠孤病毒，它们大多忽略你的健康细胞，而是追捕肿瘤。
Cancer cells are broken mutants that evolve various ways to hide and fight back against your immune system.
癌细胞是破碎的突变体，它们进化出各种方式来隐藏和反击免疫系统。
But as they get better at this, they get worse at other things, like fighting back viruses. A weakness to be exploited.
但是，随着它们在这方面越来越好，它们在其他方面却越来越差，比如对抗病毒。这是一个可以利用的弱点。
Oncolytic viruses target the specific adaptations of cancer cells, hitting them where they are not ready to be hit.
溶瘤病毒针对癌细胞的特定适应性，在它们还没有准备好被击中的地方进行攻击。
And worse for these cells, since their internal machinery is compromised, they can't defend themselves. They are taken over and turned into virus production factories.
更糟糕的是，由于它们的内部机制受到损害，它们无法自卫。它们被接管并变成病毒生产工厂。
Eventually the new viruses leave the cancer cell, often killing it, and carry on infecting other cancer cells nearby.
最终，新病毒会离开癌细胞，通常会杀死癌细胞，并继续感染附近的其他癌细胞。
This death and destruction is not subtle, and one side effect is that it attracts immune cells that immediately begin attacking the tumor with full force.
这种死亡和破坏并不微妙，其副作用之一是它会吸引免疫细胞，这些免疫细胞会立即开始全力攻击肿瘤。
What is even more impressive, these viruses seem to disrupt the artificial environment that tumors create to keep your immune system at bay.
更令人印象深刻的是，这些病毒似乎会破坏肿瘤为阻止免疫系统而创造的人工环境。
Oncolytic viruses are like infiltrators in a city at siege, opening the gates while killing defenders left and right – helping your immune cells to win the fight.
溶瘤病毒就像围城中的渗透者，打开城门，同时杀死左右两边的守卫者——帮助你的免疫细胞赢得战斗。
In 2024 we don't know yet to what degree oncolytic viruses are part of your virome or more of a happy accident.
在2024年，我们还不知道溶瘤病毒在多大程度上是你病毒组的一部分，或者更像是一个意外的惊喜。
But they seem to go well together with chemotherapy or radiation. Eventually they may become an important new tool to enable us to eliminate cancer and save millions of lives.
但它们似乎与化疗或放疗配合得很好。最终，它们可能成为一种重要的新工具，使我们能够消除癌症并挽救数百万人的生命。
We don't know what we will learn in the next few years, but we now know that there are trillions of potential allies within us, killing and manipulating, for better or worse. What an exciting time to be alive.
我们不知道未来几年会学到什么，但我们现在知道，我们体内有数万亿的潜在盟友，无论好坏，它们都在杀戮和操纵。多么激动人心的时代啊。
