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A Huge Imbalance
巨大的失衡
Mr. Atri and people like him capitalize on what has long been a structural problem in India’s economy: too many educated young people, too few jobs.
阿特里和许多像他一样的人利用了印度经济长期存在的一个结构性问题：受过教育的年轻人太多，工作岗位太少。
India has one of the fastest-expanding economies in the world.
印度是世界上增长最快的经济体之一。
But much of that growth comes from the services sector, and it is not generating enough jobs for the country’s huge working-age population.
但是这种增长的大部分来自服务业，而服务业没有为该国庞大的劳动年龄人口创造足够的就业机会。
Labor-intensive manufacturing has stalled out as a share of the economy before it has had a chance to make India a developed nation.
劳动密集型制造业在有机会使印度成为发达国家之前，就已经成为停滞不前的经济部门。
Nearly half of Indians still toil on farms, and a vast majority of private jobs in India are informal.
近一半的印度人仍在农地里劳作，而且印度绝大多数的私营工作是非正式的。
That makes government jobs highly prized.
这使得政府工作备受青睐。
Last year, 1.3 million people applied for 1,000 slots in the prestigious civil service of the central government.
去年有130万人申请了受尊敬的中央政府公务员的1000个职位。
Newspapers frequently run stories about large numbers of people with advanced degrees contending for menial jobs like sweeper or “peon.”
报纸上经常报道，有很多高学历人才在竞争清洁工或“勤杂工”之类的低薪工作。
Allotting jobs on the basis of exam results conveys a sense of fairness.
根据考试成绩分配工作传达了一种公平感。
But with competition so fierce, the temptation to seek shortcuts can be strong.
但由于竞争如此激烈，寻求捷径的诱惑可能会很强烈。
Some aspirants, while spending long hours in study groups, also keep an eye out for shadowy figures offering access to exams.
一些志在考公的人一边花很多时间在学习小组，一边也会留意那些提供考试门道的神秘人物。
They exchange phone numbers with local agents; negotiate tentative prices, often in the hundreds of dollars or more; and pray that the scheme succeeds.
他们与当地中介交换电话号码，商量一个暂定的价格（通常是数百美元或更高），并祈祷计划成功。
“When four million students prepare for an exam, half of those would also be busy searching for a leaked paper — not just them, their parents, their grandparents, everyone,” said Brijesh Kumar Singh, a senior police officer in the city of Meerut in Uttar Pradesh who investigates organized crime, with much of his time spent on gangs pursuing exam leaks.
“当400万学生准备一场考试时，其中的一半人也会忙着寻找泄露的试卷——不仅是他们，还有他们的父母、祖父母等所有人，”北方邦密拉特市的高级警官布里杰什·库马尔·辛格说，他负责调查有组织犯罪，大部分时间都在追查考试泄密团伙。
An investigation by one of India’s largest newspapers, The Indian Express, found that more than 40 examinations had been compromised by leaks over the past five years, affecting 14 million aspirants in 15 states.
印度最大的报纸之一《印度快报》的一项调查发现，在过去五年中，超过40场考试因泄密而受到影响，波及15个邦的1400万名考生。
This year, the national exam for seats in medical schools faced widespread questions after an unusual number of the two million candidates achieved perfect scores.
今年，在200万考生中出现了异常多的满分后，医学院校的全国入学考试遭受了广泛质疑。
As the government tried to contain the fallout from that case, it canceled a national exam for graduate school fellowships and junior positions at universities because of a leak.
政府试图控制该事件的影响，于是取消了一项全国性研究生奖学金和大学初级职位的考试，原因是出现了泄密情况。
Protesters camped outside the home of the education minister in New Delhi.
抗议者在新德里教育部长家门外扎起帐篷。
The anger only grew when two young men who had been preparing for an exam drowned in a basement study center as the streets flooded after overnight rain.
后来一夜暴雨淹没了街道，两名备考的年轻人在地下室学习中心溺水身亡，这让人们更加愤怒。
“We are working hard for several years, and rich students are taking advantage of the system by spending money,” Harsh Dubey, 22, who had been attempting to pass the medical school entrance test for four years, said during a protest in Delhi.
“我们努力了好几年，而有钱的学生却在利用这个泄密体系花钱买分数。”22岁的哈什·杜贝在德里的一次抗议活动中说，他为了通过医学院入学考试已经努力了四年。
