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GRE模拟试题：美国研究生入学考试试题（一）
SECTION 1
Time: 30 minutes
38 Questions
Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered words or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
1. Nonviolent demonstrations often create such tensions that a community that has constantly refused to____ its injustices is forced to correct them: the injustices can no longer be ____.
(A)acknowledge...ignored
(B)decrease...verified
(C)tolerate...accepted
(D)address...eliminated
(E)explain...discussed
2. Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austen's novels has oscillated between ____ and condescension; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary ____.
(A)dismissal...admirers
(B)adoration...contemporaries
(C)disapprpval...readers
(D)indifference...followers
(E)approbation...precursors
3. There are, as yet, no vegetation types or ecosystems whose study has been ____ to the extent that they no longer ____ ecologists.
(A)perfected……hinder
(B)exhausted……interest
(C)prolonged……require
(D)prevented……challenge
(E)delayed……benefit
4. Under ethical guidelines recently adopted by the National lnstitutes of Health, human genes are to be manipulated only to correct diseases for which ____ treatments are unsatisfactory.
(A)similar
(B)most
(C)dangerous
(D)uncommon
(E)alternative
5. It was her view that the country's problems had been ____ by foreign technocrats, so that to invite them to come back would be counterproductive.
(A)foreseen
(B)attacked
(C)ascertained
(D)exacerbated
(E)analyzed
6. Winsor McCay, the cartoonist, could draw with incredible ____; his comic strip about Little Nemo was characterized by marvelous draftsmanship and sequencing.
(A)sincerity
(B)efficiency
(C)virtuosity
(D)rapidity
(E)energy
7. The actual ____ of Wilson's position was always ____ by his refusal to compromise after having initially agreed to negotiate a settlement.
(A)outcome...foreshadowed
(B)logic...enhanced
(C)rigidity...betrayed
(D)uncertainty...alleviated
(E)cowardice...highlighted
Directions: In each of the foiiowing questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.
8. SEDATTVE: DROWSlNESS
(A)epidemic: contagiousness
(B)vaccine: virus
(C)laxative: drug
(D)anestheiic: numbness
(E)therapy: psychosis
9.LAWYER: COURTROOM
(A)participant: team
(B)commuter: train
(C)gladiator: arena
(D)senator: caucus
(E)patient: ward
10. CURIOSITY: KNOW
(A)temptation: conquer
(B)starvation: eat
(C)wanderlust: travel
(D)humor: laugh
(E)survival: live
11. FRUGAL: MISERLY
(A)confident: arrogant
(B)courageouss: pugnacious
(C)famous: aggressive
(D)rash: foolhardy
(E)quiet: timid
12. ANTIDOTE: POISON
(A)cure: recovery
(B)narcotic: sleep
(C)stimulant: relapse
(D)tonic: lethargy
(E)resuscitation: breathing
13. STYGIAN: DARK
(A)abysmal: low
(B)cogent: contentious
(C)fortuitous: accidental
(D)reckless: threatening
(E)cataclysmic: doomed
14. WORSHIP: SACRIFICE
(A)generation: pyre
(B)burial: mortuary
(C)weapon: centurion
(D)massacre: invasion
(E)prediction: augury
15. EVANESCENT: l)ISAPPEAR
(A)tlansparent: penetrate
(B)onerous: struggle
(C)feckless: succeed
(D)illusory: exist
(E)pliant: yield
16. UPBRAlD: REPROACH
(A)dote: like
(B)lal: stray
(C)vex: please
(D)earn: desire
(E)recast: explain
Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage. lt has been known for many decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. Moreover, the incidence of solar
flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radia-
tion, and x-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot (5)
cycle. But after more than a century of investigation. the
relation of these and other phenomena, known collec-
tively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrescrial weather
and climate remains unclear. For example. the sunspot
cycle and the allied rnagnetic-polarity cycle have been (10)
linked to periodicities discerned in records of such vari-
ables as rainhll. temperature, and winds. lnvariably,
however, the relation is weak. and commonly ofdubious
statistical significance.
Effects of solar variability over longer terms have also (15)
been sought. The absence of recorded sunspot activity in
the notes kept by European observers in the late seven-
teenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some schol-
ars to postulate a brief cessation of sunspot activity at
that time (a period called the Maunder minimum)。 The (20)
Maunder minimum has been linked to a span of unusual
cold in Europe extending from the sixteenth to the early
nineteenth centuries. The reality of the Maunder mini-
mum has yet to be established, however, especially since
the records that Chinese naked-eye observers of solar (25)
activity made at that time appear to contradict it. Scien-
tists have also sought evidence of long-term solar period-
icities by examining indirect climatological data, such as
fossil recoras of the thickness of ancient tree rings. These
studies, however, failed to link unequivocally terrestrial(30)
climate and the solar-activity cycle, or even to contirm
the cycle's past existenue.
If consistPn! and re!iab!e geo!sgigal~-arek-xologieal
evidence tracing the solar-activity cycle in the distant
past could be found, it might also resolve an important(35)
issue in solar physics： how to model solar activity. Cur-
rently, chere are two models of solar activity. The tirst
supposes that the Sun's internal motions (caused by
rotation and convection)interact with its large-scale
magnetic field to produce a dynamo. a device in which(40)
mechanical energy is converted into the energy of a mag-
netic field. ln short. the Sun's large-scale magnetic field
is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solar-activity
cycle it drives would be maintained with little overall
changc for perhaps billions of years. The alternative(45)
exp)anarion supposes that the Sun's large-sca)e magnetic
field is a remnant of the field the Sun acquired when it
formed, and is not sustained against decay. In this
model. the solar mechanism dependent on the Sun's
magnetiC field runs down more quickly. Thus, the char-(50)
acteristics of the solar-activity cycle uvuld be expected to
change over a long period of time. Modern solar obser-
vations span too short a time to reveal whether present
cyclical solar aCtivity is a long-lived feature of the Sun,
or merely a transient phenomenon.
