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科学美国人60秒:室温低可能会降低女性工作效率

时间:2020-03-06 11:39:00 来源:可可英语编辑:aimee 可可英语APP下载 | 可可官方微信:ikekenet

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This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.
这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

A few years ago scientists determined that our thermostats are sexist—
几年前，科学家认定我们的恒温器存在性别歧视——

namely, that office climates had been optimized for a hypothetical roomful of 40-year-old, 150-pound men, using standards developed more than 50 years ago.
也就是说，办公室温度采用了50多年前制定的标准，是为假设一屋子里全是40岁、150磅重的男性进行的优化。

And that ends up leaving a lot of women in the cold.
而这最终会让很多女性感到寒冷。

"It's called the battle of the thermostat, right?"
“这被称为恒温器之战，对吧？”

Tom Chang, a behavioral economist at the USC Marshall School of Business.
南加州大学马歇尔商学院的行为经济学家汤姆·张说到。

He says it goes beyond comfort for women: "It seems that it's not just a matter of comfort, but it also affects their productivity."
他表示，这不仅与女性的舒适度有关：“它似乎不只是舒适度的问题，还会影响她们的工作效率。”

Chang and his colleague tested that link between temperature and performance by quizzing 543 German students on basic addition skills and word scrambles in rooms that varied from 60 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
张和同事在60到90华氏度的房间里对543名德国学生进行了基本加法技能和单词组合测验，以此来测试室温与表现之间的关系。

"And if you went from the low 60s to the mid-70s, you saw an increase in female performance of almost 15 percent,
“如果室温从60度初头上调到75度，你会发现女性的表现提高了近15%，

one five not five zero, which I found remarkably large—that's much larger than I had expected."
是15而不是50，我认这是巨大的增长——比我预想的大得多。”

The effects tapered off after the mid-70s.
这种影响在75华氏度往上逐渐减弱。

But men, on the other hand, had a small decrease in performance—about 3 percent—as temperatures rose to the mid-70s.
但另一方面，当室温提高到75度时，男性的表现只略有下降——大约3%。

The results are in the journal PLoS One.
研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》期刊上。

And there's a chance these findings might explain things like disparities in test scores on the SAT.
这些发现也许可以解释SAT考试分数的差异。

"The longstanding gap in performance between high school boys and high school girls on the Math proportion of SATs is approximately 4 percent.
“长期以来，高中男生和女生在SAT数学考试中的成绩相差约4%。

So given the effect size we're finding, you know, that's 3 degrees' difference in indoor temperature."
考虑到我们所发现的效应值，将室内温度调节3度就能完全消除这一差异。”

Still, he says, "I wouldn't go running off writing policy off of one study."
但他仍然表示：“我不会因为一项研究就放弃撰写政策。”

But it seems Cynthia Nixon had the thermostat dialed in just right last year.
不过，辛西娅·尼克松似乎就在去年调节了恒温器。

The actor turned politician was preparing to debate Andrew Cuomo as they vied for the Democratic nomination for New York State’s governor.
这位演员出身的政治家当时正准备与安德鲁·科莫进行辩论，以争夺纽约州州长的民主党提名。

Debate venues are usually kept pretty chilly.
辩论场所的温度总是很低。

But she requested a more balmy—and perhaps cognitively friendly—76 degrees.
但她要求的是更为温暖——或许也是认知友好的——76华氏度。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。

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重点讲解：
1. end up 最终；结果；到头来；
If you always give in to others you will end up feeling like a doormat.
如果你总是屈服于人，你最终会觉得自己像一个受气包_+!=pjY=M_rWU.。
2. taper off 逐渐减少；逐渐缩小；
Immigration is expected to taper off.
估计移民会越来越少i=KHQU[w];9E4+。
3. prepare to do sth. 为…做准备；筹备；
It is a war with no holds barred and we must prepare to resist.
这是一场没有规则的战争，我们必须作好抵抗的准备C&)k!eDG06yB@0BerwY)。
4. vie for 竞争；争夺；
She was surrounded by men all vying for her attention.
她周围尽是竞相博得她青睐的男子y~zqXI^~B~。

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重点单词		查看全部解释
approximately	[ə'prɔksimitli]	想一想再看 adv. 近似地，大约
determined	[di'tə:mind]	想一想再看 adj. 坚毅的，下定决心的
proportion	[prə'pɔ:ʃən]	想一想再看 n. 比例，均衡，部份，（复）体积，规模 vt	联想记忆 X 单词proportion 联想记忆： pro前面+port部分，分开+ion→成分其中一部分→[所占]比例，成分
addition	[ə'diʃən]	想一想再看 n. 增加，附加物，加法	联想记忆 X 单词addition 联想记忆： add增加，ition名词后缀
hypothetical	['haipəu'θetikəl]	想一想再看 adj. 假设的，假定的，爱猜想的
productivity	[.prɔdʌk'tiviti]	想一想再看 n. 生产率，生产能力	联想记忆 X 单词productivity 联想记忆： product生产+ivity表名词，由-ive+ity组成，“有…能力或特性”→生产力
varied	['vɛərid]	想一想再看 adj. 各种各样的动词vary的过去式和过去分词
colleague	['kɔli:g]	想一想再看 n. 同事	联想记忆 X 单词colleague 联想记忆： co1共同，league（n 同盟）
comfort	['kʌmfət]	想一想再看 n. 舒适，安逸，安慰，慰藉 vt. 安慰，使	联想记忆 X 单词comfort 联想记忆： com共同+fort强大→一起给力量→安慰；舒适
resist	[ri'zist]	想一想再看 v. 抵抗，反抗，抵制，忍住 n. 防蚀涂层	联想记忆 X 单词resist 联想记忆： re反，sist站－反站－反抗