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科学美国人60秒:音乐可以更好地协调早产儿的大脑连接

时间:2020-03-09 11:34:00 来源:可可英语编辑:aimee 可可英语APP下载 | 可可官方微信:ikekenet

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This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.
这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

Fifteen million babies are born prematurely every year, worldwide.
全世界每年有1500万早产儿出生。

In some cases, the early births can be life-threatening—or cause developmental issues.
在某些情况下，早产可能会危及生命，或导致发育问题。

"They have more attention-deficit difficulties.
“早产儿更有可能有注意力缺失的问题。

They can have a higher risk of having autism, and in general socio-emotional regulation issues."
他们患自闭症的风险更高，一般来说，他们也更可能产生社会情绪调节问题。”

Petra Hüppi, a pediatrician and neonatologist at the University Hospital of Geneva.
日内瓦大学医院的儿科医生和新生儿学家佩特拉·胡皮说到。

Now, she and her colleagues have evidence that a simple tool could help those preterm babies' brains develop: music.
现在，她和同事有证据表明，一种简单的工具有助于早产儿的大脑发育：音乐。

But before you cue the Amadeus:
不过在你提莫扎特之前：

"When I thought about Mozart, I thought, this is a very complex musical structure
“当我想到莫扎特时，就会想到他那极为复杂的音乐结构，

and I could hardly imagine that such an immature brain would be able to fully capture the complexity of Mozart."
我无法想象如此不成熟的婴儿大脑能完全捕捉到莫扎特音乐的复杂性。”

So instead, she recruited the harpist Andreas Vollenweider,
因此，她聘请了竖琴师安德列斯·佛伦怀德，

who worked with neonatal nurses to determine which sounds would most stimulate infants' brains.
由他与新生儿护士合作，确定哪种声音最能刺激婴儿的大脑。

He then composed a suite of three eight-minute-long tracks,
之后，他创作了一套由3首8分钟长的乐曲组成的组曲，

which the nurses played to 20 preterm babies using wireless headphones embedded in little baby caps.
护士用嵌在婴儿帽中的无线耳机播放给20名早产儿听。

Each baby heard five tracks a week for six weeks on average.
在六周内，每名婴儿平均每周听五首乐曲。

Then Hüppi's team used MRIs to visualize activity in the babies' brains.
然后，胡皮团队用核磁共振成像呈现婴儿大脑的活动。

And what they found was that preemies who listened to tunes had brain networks that more closely resembled those of full-term babies compared to their counterparts who didn't get the treatment.
他们发现，与没有接受这种治疗的早产儿相比，听音乐的早产儿的大脑网络更接近足月婴儿。

The music listeners had greater connectivity among brain regions, such as areas involved in sensory and higher-order cognitive functions—
听音乐者大脑区域之间的连通性更强，这些区域包括涉及感官和高级认知功能的区域——

indicating that music listening might have enduring effects on brain development.
这表明听音乐可能对大脑发育有持久影响。

The details are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
详情刊登在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。

Of course, many questions still remain.
当然，现在还有很多问题没有得到解答。

"How much should they listen to that? Was the music given in the right way?
“早产儿应该听多少音乐？播放音乐的方式是否正确？

Would it be much better if it was something more lively than recorded music? Was it too simple? Could it be more complex?"
如果换成比录制音乐更生动的音乐，效果会更好吗？音乐是不是太简单了？音乐可以更复杂些吗？”

But Hüppi said one thing parents can already do is sing to their children.
但胡皮表示，父母已经可以做的一件事就是给孩子唱歌。

Plus, she said, it doesn't really matter if you can carry a tune.
此外，她还说唱歌跑不跑调其实并不重要。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。

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重点讲解：
1. be able to do sth. 可以…的，能够…的；
If you need help at work, your Personnel Manager should be able to help.
如果你工作中需要帮助，人事经理应该能帮上忙Y|(fa@cr*(TR&K。
2. a suite of 一套；
Morris executed a suite of twelve drawings in 1978.
莫里斯在1978年创作了由12幅画组成的一组作品Ca9mf1!&V0-。
3. on average 平均起来；按平均值；
On average each report requires 1,000 hours to prepare.
准备一份报告平均需要1,000小时1x#wbZlr[4Eh[s。
4. compared to 与…相比；和…比起来；
The cost was peanuts compared to a new kitchen.
与建新厨房相比，那笔费用微不足道IeBSQL~+!~UNC%I)%=S。

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重点单词		查看全部解释
enduring	[in'djuəriŋ]	想一想再看 adj. 持久的，忍耐的
cue	[kju:]	想一想再看 n. 暗示，提示，信号 vt. 给 ... 提
capture	['kæptʃə]	想一想再看 vt. 捕获，俘获，夺取，占领，迷住，(用照片等)留存<	联想记忆 X 单词capture 联想记忆： cap抓－逮捕
complexity	[kəm'pleksiti]	想一想再看 n. 复杂，复杂性，复杂的事物	联想记忆 X 单词complexity 联想记忆： com全部+plex重叠+ity表名词，指具备某种性质→复杂性
academy	[ə'kædəmi]	想一想再看 n. 学院，学术，学会
complex	['kɔmpleks]	想一想再看 adj. 复杂的，复合的，合成的 n. 复合体	联想记忆 X 单词complex 联想记忆： com共同+plex重叠→全部重叠→复杂的
embedded	[im'bedid]	想一想再看 adj. 植入的，内含的，深入的 v. 埋入，植入，深入
stimulate	['stimjuleit]	想一想再看 vt. 刺激，激励，鼓舞 vi. 起刺激作用	联想记忆 X 单词stimulate 联想记忆： stimul刺激+ate→刺激，鼓励
lively	['laivli]	想一想再看活泼的，活跃的，栩栩如生的，真实的	联想记忆 X 单词lively 联想记忆： live活+ly表形容词，通常加在名词后→活跃的
composed	[kəm'pəuzd]	想一想再看 adj. 镇静的，沉着的	联想记忆 X 单词composed 联想记忆： com一起，pose放，ed被动：好多人被放到了一起，就不害怕了，也就是镇定了。Composed是composer的特点：创作需要沉着镇定。