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A team of scientists has observed time moving slower than usual in quasars of the early universe.
一组科学家观测到早期宇宙中类星体的时间运行速度比平时慢。
This effect is known as "time dilation."
这种效应被称为“时间膨胀”。
Quasars are some of the brightest things in the universe and scientists use them as "clocks" to keep track of time in the past.
类星体是宇宙中最亮的东西之一，科学家把它们当作“钟表”来记录过去的时间。
They are created by extremely large black holes, many times more massive than the sun, often in the center of galaxies.
它们是由极大的黑洞产生的，黑洞质量比太阳大许多倍，通常位于星系的中心。
Black holes take in matter by gravitational pull and release radiation.
黑洞通过引力吸收物质并释放辐射。
That release is a quasar.
释放物就是类星体。
The scientists studied the brightness of 190 quasars that existed about 1.5 billion years after the universe was created.
科学家研究了宇宙形成后存在15亿年的190个类星体的亮度。
They compared the brightness of those quasars to some that exist today.
他们将这些类星体的亮度与如今存在的一些类星体进行了比较。
They found that some movements that happen over a specific amount of time now, were five times slower back then.
他们发现，现在在特定时间内发生的一些运动比当时慢五倍。
Famous scientist Albert Einstein proved that time and space have been growing in all directions since the start of the universe.
著名科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦证明，自宇宙形成以来，时间和空间一直在向四面八方扩展。
Scientist Geraint Lewis is an expert in astrophysics at the University of Sydney in Australia.
科学家杰伦特·刘易斯是澳大利亚悉尼大学的天体物理学专家。
He led the study, which appeared in the publication Nature Astronomy.
他领导了这项研究，该研究论文发表在《自然·天文学》杂志上。
Lewis said the expanding universe is why time flowed slower billions of years ago.
刘易斯说，宇宙的膨胀是数十亿年前时间运行速度变慢的原因。
However, time did not feel like slow motion.
然而，时间并不像慢动作。
If you were sent back in time, a second would feel like a second.
如果你被送回过去，一秒感觉就像一秒。
But a second would take five times as long for a person today.
但对于今天的人来说，过去的一秒钟是现在的5倍长。
Lewis said: "In modern physics, time is a complicated thing."
刘易斯说：“在现代物理学中，时间是一个复杂的东西。”
Scientists had reported time dilation from 7 billion years ago by studying supernovas, the explosions of huge stars at the end of their life.
科学家通过研究超新星，即巨型恒星在生命末期发生的爆炸，报告了70亿年前的时间膨胀。
Over time, the light created by supernovas disappears.
随着时间的推移，超新星产生的光消失了。
Scientists studied explosions from billions of years ago and saw that they happened much slower then compared to now.
科学家研究了数十亿年前的爆炸，发现它们发生的速度比现在慢得多。
We cannot see individual exploding stars from a set distance away, so scientists are not able to study the early universe that well.
我们无法在一定距离外看到单独的恒星爆炸，因此科学家无法很好地研究早期宇宙。
Quasars are much brighter, so scientists are able to observe the activity from much further away and deeper in the past.
类星体要明亮得多，所以科学家能够从更远更深的地方观测到过去的活动。
"What is observed over time is the quasar brightness.
刘易斯说：“随着时间的推移，观测到的是类星体的亮度。
This fluctuates up and down, the result of lots of complicated physics in the disk of matter spinning around a black hole at almost light speed," Lewis said.
它上下波动，这是由物质盘中的许多复杂物理活动造成的，物质盘以接近光速的速度绕黑洞旋转。”
I'm Dominic Varela.
多米尼克·瓦雷拉为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
