(7))他在看通知时有了一个主意。
误:When reading the notice, an idea came into his mind.
正:When he was reading the notice, an idea came into his mind.
正:Reading (When reading) the notice, he had an idea.
析:分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致
(8)依据他的说法,这个答案是对的。
误:Judge from what he said, the answer is right.
正:Judging from what he said, the answer is right.
析:“Judging” 在这里是插入语,作独立成分。类似的用法还有to tell, the truth, considering, generally speaking等。
(9)我们尽快地走,希望及时赶到
误:We walked as fast as we could to hope to get there in time.
正:We walked as fast as we could, hoping to get there in time.
析:根据句意,希望hope不表示目的,而表示伴随状况,所以用hoping.
(10)这封需要马上回复。
误:The letter demanded answering immediately.
正:The letter demanded an immediate answer.
正:The letter required (needed) answering immediately.
析:require,need,want作“需要”解时,可跟动名词做宾语。demand作此义解时,不能跟动名词作宾语,要跟名词。
(11)这是80年代建造的工厂之一。
误:This is one of the factories having been built in the 1980s.
正:This is one of the factories built in the 1980s.
析:现在分词的完成式主要用做状语,不做定语。
(12)给我一张纸写东西。
误:Give me a sheet of paper to write
正:Give me a sheet of paper to write on
析:不定式做定语时,如果它所修饰的名词在意义上是不定式的宾语而不是主语的时候,这个不定式的后面应根据意义加上适当的介词。
独立主格结构
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。
独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,所以在语法上不是句子。但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语,分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语,有时还有其他修饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用,主要用于书面语。使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词,非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式,这样就成为从句了。
例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.今天星期天,图书馆不开放。
(原因)改为从句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open.
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