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in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self?confidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.
A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your best effort.”
57.In the first paragraph, the author implies that____________are essential in achieving success.
［A］ability and goals ［B］goals and determination
［C］ability and environment ［D］goals and environment
58.The word “frugal”(Line 2, Para. 2) means_________.
［A］wealthy ［B］wasteful
［C］thrifty ［D］miserable
59.Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because___________.
［A］their life is miserable ［B］they do not live in peace
［C］their goals are too low ［D］they are not rich enough by their own standards
60.The last paragraph implies that___________.
［A］we should have high goals
［B］success means achieving great goals
［C］success means taking a walk in the park
［D］success means trying one’s best at what one really likes
61.This passage mainly talks about___________.
［A］the definition of success ［B］how to achieve success
［C］how to set goals ［D］the importance of goals
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say” or “whole-word” method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.
The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn” activities recommended by advocates (倡导者)of “open” classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers.
However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控诉)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(语音学), is far superior.
Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.
62.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is_____________ .
［A］only logical and natural［B］the expected position
［C］probably a mistake ［D］merely effective instruction
63.The author indicts the look-say reading approach because___________ .
［A］it overlooks decoding［B］Rudolf Flesch agrees with him
［C］he says it is boring ［D］many schools continue to use this method
64.One major difference between the look?say method of learning reading and the phonics method is____________ .
［A］look?say is simpler［B］phonics takes longer to learn
［C］look?say is easier to teach ［D］phonics gives readers access to far more words
65.The phrase “touch off” (Line 1, Para.3) most probably means________ .
［A］talk about shortly ［B］start or cause
［C］compare with ［D］oppose
66.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?
［A］Phonics approach regards whole?word method as unimportant.
［B］The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.
［C］In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.
［D］Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned.
Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)
Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Methods of studying vary; what works 67 for some students doesn’t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment 68 you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: 69 else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won’t get through college. Meantime, there are a few rules that 70 for everybody. The hint is “don’t get 71 ”.The problem of studying, 72 enough to start with, becomes almost 73 when you are trying to do three 74 in one weekend. 75 the fastest readers have trouble 76 that. And if you are behind in written work that must be 77 , the teacher who accepts it 78 late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it 79 . Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no 80 . Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemistry won’t 81 one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the 82 of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should 83 all their time to it. 84 the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this 85 , begin with the shortest and easiest 86 . Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work.
67.［A］good［B］easily［C］sufficiently［D］well
68.［A］until［B］after［C］while［D］so
69.［A］somebody［B］nobody［C］everybody［D］anybody
70.［A］follow［B］go［C］operate［D］work
71.［A］behind［B］after［C］slow［D］later
