advertise v. 登广告，为……做广告
　　例：If you want to sell your product you must advertise it. 如果要推销产品，就必须登广告。I advertised him of my plan. 我告诉他我的计划。搭配：advertise for… 登广告(征询)……：We are currently advertising for a new sales manager. 目前，我们公司公开征聘销售经理。拓展：advertisement n. 广告

　　afford v. ①负担得起 ②提供，给予
　　例：These trees afford a pleasant shade. 这些树提供了荫凉。She felt she couldn’t afford any more time off work. 她觉得再也抽不出时间歇班了。搭配：can (can’t) afford to 承担得起(承担不起)：We cannot afford to ignore this warning. 我们对这个警告不能等闲视之。

　　approach n. ①接近 ②途径;v. 靠近，接近
　　例：All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 通往宫殿的所有道路都有部队把守。The time is approaching when we must think about buying a new house. 机会来了，我们该想想买新房的事了。搭配：at the approach of 随着……的临近：At the approach of the coming of spring, all plants begin to revive. 春天来了，万物复苏了。approach sb. for/about sth. 为某事同某人打交道：He approached the bank for a loan. 他向银行申请贷款。拓展：approachable a. 可接近的，平易近人的

　　aspect n. ①方面 ②方位，方向
　　例：The historical aspect formed the main theme of her essay. 她的论文的主题是由历史观点贯穿起来的。On the course she received a thorough training in every aspect of the job. 在训练班上, 她接受了有关这个工作的全方位的训练。
　　听力扩展： A woman was singing. One of the guests turned to a man by his side and criticized the singer. “What a terrible voice!” he said, “Do you know who she is?” “Yes,” was the answer, “She is my wife.” “Oh, I beg your pardon.” the man said, “Of course her voice isn’t bad. As to the song’s aspect, I wondered who wrote that awful song?” “I did.”was the answer.一个女人正在唱歌。 一位客人转向他身边的一个男人并批评这位女歌手。他说道，“多难听的声音啊!”“你知道她是谁吗?”“是的，”男子回答到,“她是我妻子。”“天啊，实在是不好意思啊，”客人说道，“其实她的嗓音不错，至于这首歌，我就纳闷了谁写出这么难听的歌曲啊。”“我写的。”男人回答到。【注】criticize v. 批评

　　assume v. ①假定，设想 ②承担
　　例：She was in arrogance to assume she would win every time. 她认为每次都能赢，未免太自大了。I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. 我错了，我愿为此承担责任。搭配：assume sb. to 以为，认为：I had assumed him to be an American. 我本以为他是美国人。拓展：assumption n. 假定，假设，(权力的)获得
　　听力扩展：
　　Kate: Mom, do you assume what I　m going to give you for your birthday?
　　Mom: No, Honey. What?
　　Kate: A nice teapot.
　　Mom: But I’ve got a nice teapot.
　　Kate: No, you haven’t. I’ve just dropped it.
　　凯特：妈妈，你知道我要给你一件什么生日礼物吗?
　　妈妈：不知道，宝贝，是什么呀?
　　凯特：一把漂亮的茶壶。
　　妈妈：可是我已经有一把漂亮的茶壶了呀。
　　凯特：不，没有了。我刚刚把它给摔碎了。【注】teapot n. 茶壶

　　attach v. ①附上，系上，贴上 ②使依恋
　　例：This middle school is attached to a teachers-college. 这所中学附属于一所师范院校。We are much attached to each other. 我们之间感情深厚。搭配：attach sth. to 附在……上：Attach the coupon to the front of your letter. 把优惠券附在信的正面。attach sb. to 参与，参加：He attached himself to me at the party and I couldn’t get rid of him. 在聚会上他老是缠着我，我简直无法摆脱他。拓展：attachment n.①依恋，爱慕 ②附件
　　听力扩展： Everyone needs friendship. No one can sail the ocean of life single-handed. We need help from, and also give help to, others. In the modern age, people attach more importance to relations and connections. A man of charisma has many friends. His power lies in his ability to give. The term friend covers a wide range of meanings. It can be a nodding acquaintance, a comrade, a confident, a partner, a playmate, a brother, an intimate etc. As life is full of strife and conflict, we need friends to support and help us out of difficulties. Our friends give us warnings against danger. True friends share not only joy but, more often than not, they share sorrow.人人都需要友谊，没有人能独自在人生的海洋中航行。我们给予帮助，同时也需要帮助。如今，人们更重视关系和联系。一个有领袖气质的人有许多朋友，他的权力在于他的给予能力。朋友的意义很广，可以是熟人、同志、知己、伙伴、玩伴、兄弟、密友等。生活充满矛盾和斗争，我们需要朋友的支持，以帮助我们摆脱困境。朋友提醒我们警惕险难。真正的朋友不仅与我们同甘，而且共苦。【注】charisma n. 超凡魅力;more often than not往往

　　attitude n. ①态度，看法 ②姿势
　　例：It’s not his work that bothers me; it　s his attitude. 困扰我的不是他的工作，而是他的态度。Don’t give me your attitude. 别跟我摆架子。搭配：take an attitude towards/to 对……的看法：He takes a mellow attitude to life. 他对生活有成熟的看法。
　　听力扩展：One old person complained to the doctor that his right ear was giving him trouble; he couldn’t hear. So the doctor checked, checked, checked, listened, listened and said, “Oh, you know your ear trouble is an old age problem. Your ear is getting old. That’s why you can’t hear.”So the patient said with a bad attitude, “Nonsense, the left ear is just as old.”有个老人向医生抱怨右耳有问题，听不见。医生检查又检查、听了又听，然后说：“哦!你知道吗?你耳朵有毛病是因为年老的关系，你的右耳已经老化了，所以才听不到。”病人态度粗鲁地说道：“胡说!我的左耳也一样老呀!”【注】complain v. 抱怨

　　attract v. 吸引，引起……的注意
　　例：The flower show attracted large crowds this year. 今年的花展吸引了大批观众。搭配：attract sb.(to sb./sth.) 吸引，使喜欢：What attracted me to her was her sense of humour. 吸引我的是她的幽默感。拓展：attractive a. 吸引人的

　　average n. 平均数;a. 普通的，平常的
　　例：Rainfall this year exceeded the yearly average. 今年的雨量超过了年平均降雨量。搭配：on (the/an) average 平均，一般来说：In winter, the temperature here is 2℃ on average. 冬天，这里的平均温度是2摄氏度。averagely a. 平均地，一般地
　　听力扩展： The average cost of saving one seal was $80,000. At a special ceremony, two of the most expensively-saved animals were released into the wild among cheers and applause from people. A minute later, a killer whale ate them both.救援每只海豹的平均费用达到8万美元。在一个特别的仪式上，有两只花巨款拯救回来的海豹，在人们的欢呼和掌声中被放回大自然。一分钟后，它们双双被杀人鲸吞入肚中。【注】release v. 释放，解放;applause n. 掌声

　　belief n. ①相信 ②信念，信仰
　　例：There was a happy chime of belief and practice in everything she said. 她所说的每一件事都体现了信仰和行动的完美和谐。His firmness on his belief supported him in difficulties. 困境中，他坚定的信仰支撑着他。搭配：beyond belief 令人难以置信：Dissatisfaction with the government has grown beyond belief. 对政府的不满已经达到令人难以置信的程度。
　　听力扩展： An ass once found a lion’s skin. He put it on and his belief was that others would be scared, then he walked towards the village. All fled when he came near, both men and animals. The ass felt quite proud. He lifted his voice and shouted, but then everyone knew him. His owner came up and gave him a sound whipping. Shortly afterwards, a fox came up to him and said, “Ah, I knew it was you by your voice.”有头驴发现一张狮子皮，他披着它，心想其他人一定会怕他，然后走进村庄。所有的人和动物见到他走过来都逃走了。驴感到很得意，他高声地嘶叫，却被人认了出来。他的主人跑过来打了他一顿。不久，一只狐狸也跑过来，对他说：“哦，你一张嘴我就知道你是驴。”【注】whip v. 鞭打