conclude v. ①结束 ②作出决定
　　例：Once the price had been agreed, a deal was quickly concluded. 价格一经商定，交易很快就达成了。From his appearance we may safely conclude that he is a chain smoker. 从他的外表看，我们可以有把握地断定他烟抽得很凶。搭配：conclude with (使)结束，终止：The performance concluded with Stravinsky’s ‘Rite of Spring’. 演出以斯特拉文斯基的《春之祭》结束。拓展：conclusion n. 结论，结束
　　听力扩展：Smile is the unaffected, unplanned, natural connection between people. I tell this story in my work because I’d like people to consider that underneath all the layers we construct to protect ourselves, our dignity, our titles, our degrees, our status and our need to be seen in certain ways―underneath all that remains the authentic, essential self. I’m not afraid to call it the soul. I really believe that if that part of you and that part of me could recognize each other, we wouldn’t be enemies. We couldn’t have hate or envy or fear. I sadly conclude that all those other layers, which we so carefully construct through our lives, distance and insulate us from truly contacting others.微笑是人与人之间最自然真挚的沟通方式。我在作品中讲这个故事，是希望人们能仔细想想以下的事情：人常常为自己建立层层的保护膜，为了维护尊严、头衔、身份、形象等，而必须有所隐藏。我相信在这些掩饰下，每个人都有一个真实、不虚伪的灵魂。如果我们能用心灵去认识彼此，世间不会有结怨成仇的憾事;恨意、妒嫉、恐惧也会不复存在。可惜的是，人们小心翼翼为自己所建造的保护膜，却阻隔了自己与他人真诚相对的机会。【注】authentic a. 可信的;insulate v. 隔离

　　effective a. 有效的，有影响的
　　例：The president promised swift and effective retribution against the terrorists. 总统答应会迅速有效地惩罚恐怖分子。Advertising is often the most effective method of promotion. 登广告往往是最有效的推销方式。拓展：effect n. 影响，结果;effectiveness n. 有效性
　　听力扩展： Eagle is the world’s longest life expectancy of birds. It lives up to the age of 70. To live such a long life expectancy, at 40 years of age it must make a difficult but important decision. When the Hawks live up to the age of 40, its claws start aging, unable to effectively seize the prey. Its wings have become very heavy because its feathers grow thick and strong and make it very difficult to fly. There are only two options:die, or rebirth through a very painful update process of 150-day long training session.鹰是世界上平均寿命最长的鸟类，它可以活到70岁。为了长寿，40岁时，鹰必须做一个艰难但是重要的决定。鹰活到40岁时，爪子开始老化，再也不能有效地捕食。由于羽毛厚而壮，它们的翅膀变得非常笨重，难于飞翔。眼前只有两条路：死亡，或者穿越一个痛苦的150天的磨砺，获得重生。

　　employee n. 雇员
　　例：He found it very demeaning to have to work for his former employee. 他觉得要为他以前的雇员工作很失身份。拓展：employer n. 雇主，老板;employ v. 雇用
　　听力扩展：
　　A: Nevertheless we need to make one decision. I recommend we accept the merger offer, as I agree with the report　s findings that it would be better for the company in the long　term future.
　　B: But what do the other department managers think? Do we have unanimous agreement with this offer?
　　A: Yes, I believe we do.
　　B: Did you hold that employee meeting yesterday? What was the general reaction?
　　A: A majority believes that you should agree.
　　B: Well then, my decision must take into consideration the thoughts of my employees, so I will agree to it.
　　A：无论如何我们得做出决定。我建议我们接受合并提议。我同意报告的调查结果，合并符合公司长远的利益。
　　B：但是其他部门主管怎么想?对于这个提议，大家都同意吗?
　　A：是的。我想是的。
　　B：昨天你开员工大会了吗?普遍的反应怎么样?
　　A：大多数人认为你应该接受。
　　B：那好，我一定仔细考虑员工的意见再作决定。我会同意的。
　　【注】merger n. 合并，归并;unanimous a. 意见一致的

　　enable v. 使……能够，使可行
　　例：The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds. 这种软件使你在几秒钟内便可访问互联网。Reading this book enables you to have a general idea about the country. 读这本书能让你对那个国家有个大体的了解。拓展：disable v. 使不可能
　　听力扩展：Little Robert asked his mother for two cents. “What did you do with the money I gave you yesterday?” “I gave it to a poor old woman,”he answered. “You　re a good boy,”said the mother proudly. “Here are two cents more. But why are you so interested in the old woman?” “She is the one who enables corns to popcorn.”小罗伯特向妈妈要两分钱。“昨天给你的钱干什么了?”“我给了一个可怜的老婆婆，”他回答说。“你真是个好孩子，”妈妈骄傲地说。“再给你两分钱。可你为什么对那位老太太那么感兴趣呢?”“她是个卖爆米花的。”【注】popcorn n. 爆米花

　　encourage[　n　k　r　d　] v. ①鼓励，鼓舞 ②支持
　　例：Peter, my English teacher, never fails to encourage us to study hard. 我的英文老师彼得总是鼓励我们要好好用功。High prices for farm products encouraged farming. 农产品价格的提高有助于农业发展。搭配：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事：Our parents are always encouraging us to be a decent person. 父母总是鼓励我们做个正直的人。be encouraged at sth. 因某事而受到鼓舞：Terry is greatly encouraged at the famous guy’s achievement in charity. 泰瑞因那位名人在慈善事业上取得的成就而受到极大的鼓舞。拓展：encouragement n. 鼓励，鼓舞

　　factor n. 因素，因子;v. 把……因素包括进去，作为因素
　　例：The determinate factor of our economy is to control inflation. 经济的决定性因素是控制通货膨胀。Don’t forget to factor in rushing hours when you figure the time you need to get there. 计算到达那个地方花费的时间时，别忘了考虑交通高峰。搭配：factor sth. in/into 把……因素包括进去：The accountant forgot factoring in bus fee when calculating the general costs. 计算总花费时，会计忘了考虑公共汽车费用。
　　听力扩展：
　　Tina: Hi! Emma, long time no see. How was your life in England?
　　Emma: Is you, Tina! I　m glad to see you. I was back to China a few days ago. I had a great time in my study in England. It is a beautiful country and the people there are very kind, although sometime I got myself embarrassed because of the different culture.
　　Tina: Really?What　s the exact difference between the west culture and the east culture? Could you give me some examples?
　　Emma: My pleasure! You never know how polite British people are in public places. Whatever they go to buy tickets or food, they all like to queue up! They comply so much with the public order. And all people in England think that honesty is an important factor to judge whether a person has good character or not. They hate liars!
　　蒂娜：艾玛，好久不见了。在英国过得怎么样?
　　艾玛：是你呀，蒂娜。很高兴见到你。我是前几天回国的。 我在英国的学习很愉快，虽然有时因为文化的差异让我成为笑柄，但是英国真的是个美丽的国家，英国人很友好。
　　蒂娜：真的吗?西方文化和东方文化到底有什么不同呢?你能举些例子吗?
　　艾玛：非常荣幸，你绝对没想到英国人在公共场合多么有礼貌。无论是去买票还是买食物，他们都很遵守公共秩序，自觉排队。 人们普遍认为诚实与否是衡量一个人是否具有良好素质的重要因素，说谎者在当地是不受欢迎的。
　　【注】queue up 排队;comply with 服从，遵从