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听力文本：
Passage Two
短文二
Millions of students have been taught a formula that has nothing to do with chemistry.
大多数学生都曾学到过一则跟化学无关的公式。
The formula is for writing a five-paragraph essay.
所谓“公式”是指写作时需遵循五段式的文章结构。
First, write an introductory paragraph to state the argument.
即“开篇写一段导入性的论点，
Then, add three paragraphs of evidence. Finally, write a conclusion.
中间三段列出论据，最后一段做出总结。”
Linda Bergmann is director of the Writing Lab at Purdue University in Indiana.
琳达·伯格曼是印第安纳州普渡大学的写作专业主任。
Her job is to help students, including international students, improve their writing.
她的工作是帮助学生，包括那些留学生，提高其写作能力。
Professor Bergmann has worked with many students who learned this traditional five-paragraph formula.
伯格曼教授接触过很多学习过这种“五段式”文章结构的学生。
She says international students sometimes have difficulty with this formula if they learned a different writing structure.
她说，有时候已经掌握另一种写作结构的留学生们，再学习这种五段式文章结构时会有些困难。
But just knowing how to write a five-paragraph essay is not going to be enough for a college student who has to write a longer academic paper.
但仅仅了解“五段式”文章结构对于需要编写学术论文的大学生来说，是远远不够的。
As Professor Bergmann points out, the formula is too simple to deal with subjects that require deeper thought and investigation.
正如伯格曼教授所说，这个写作模板过于简单，因此无法处理需要深入思考和调查的课题。
So what are the qualities that make up a good writing?
那么，写好一篇文章的秘诀究竟是什么？
Karen is executive director of courses in the Institute for Writing and Rhetoric at Dartmouth College.
凯伦是达特茅斯学院写作与修辞协会的执行董事。
Karen says there are no simple answers——except maybe for one.
凯伦说，其实写好一篇文章并没有什么捷径可言，只要记住一点。
That is, there is no formula that students can follow to guarantee a well-written paper.
那就是一篇好文章并不是参考模板而写出来的。
In some cultures, students organize their paragraphs to build toward the main idea at the end of the paper.
在某些国家的文化中，学生组织文章段落是为了构建文章结尾处的主旨思想。
American college students are usually expected to state their thesis at the beginning.
而美国的大学生通常会在文章的开篇就提出自己的见解。
And, while students in some cultures use lots of descriptive words,
有的国家的学生写作时会使用大量的描述性的词语，
American professors generally want shorter sentences.
而美国教授通常喜欢更简短的语句。
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
问题19至问题22是基于你刚刚听到的这篇文章
Question 19. What can we know about the formula?
问题19.这个公式指的是什么？
Question 20. What does Linda Bergmann's job involve?
问题20.琳达·伯格曼的工作内容是？
Question 21. What does Bergmann think of academic papers?
问题21.伯格曼教授对学术论文的看法？
Question 22. What kind of writing do American professors prefer?
问题22.美国教授更倾向于哪一种写作方式？
译文属可可原创，仅供学习和交流使用，未经允许不得转载
