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Dating from as far back as the 12th century, they are claimed to be the rarest historic buildings in western Europe.
这些建筑可以追溯到12世纪，它们被认为是西欧最罕见的历史建筑。
These buildings offer vital insight into Scandinavia's Viking past.
它们为了解斯堪的纳维亚的维京人的历史提供了重要的视角。
But now, with only 30 wooden churches remaining and their condition deteriorating, experts are working to preserve the structures for future generations.
不过现在，这些建筑只剩下30座木质教堂且情况正在恶化，专家们正努力为了子孙后代而保护这些建筑。
Some of these spectacular churches are no more than small buildings, barely 4 meters wide and 6 meters tall.
其中的一些壮观的教堂也不过是些面积较小的建筑，宽只有4米，高只有6米。
Others are much larger structures. They soar up to 40 meters into the cold air.
其他建筑的结构则相对较大，仰天矗立直达40米高的冷空气之中。
Most consist of timber frames that rest on stone blocks. This means that they have no foundations.
大部分的建筑坐落在石块上、由木架构成，这说明它们没有地基。
Although many of the churches appear from the outside to be complex structures, they normally feature only a single storey but numerous different roof levels.
很多教堂虽然表面看上去结构复杂，但通常它们只有一层且屋顶高度参差不同。
Staff from the Norwegian government have carried out conservation work on 10 of the churches over the past two years.
在过去的两年里，挪威政府的工作人员已经对其中的10座教堂做了保护性工作。
Most of these churches date from between the 12th and 14th centuries. Other churches were conserved in previous years.
这些教堂大多建于12至14世纪之间，其他的一些教堂则在前几年便已被保护下来。
So far, specialists have worked to add preservative materials to the churches' exteriors.
目前为止，专家们已经在教堂外部涂上了防腐材料。
They also replaced rotting roots and halted the sinking of the churches into the ground.
他们还换掉了腐烂的树根，阻止教堂下沉到地下。
In two cases, huge machines have been used to lift the buildings up to 30 centimeters into the air.
在两个案例中，已经使用了巨型机器将建筑物提升到30厘米的高度。
This was accomplished so that the team could examine and repair the churches' original medieval stone blocks.
提升完成之后小组便能够检查和修复教堂原本的中世纪石块。
The team plans to return to around a dozen of the buildings to assess progress and consider further action.
该小组计划返回大约12座建筑以评估进展并考虑进一步的行动。
The earliest free-standing wooden church was probably built in Norway in around 1080.
最早的独立木制教堂建于大概1080年前后的挪威。
However, the largest known wooden churches were built from the 1130s onwards.
然而，最大的木制教堂是在1130年代之后建造的。
This period was one of inter-elite rivalry, in which nobles sought to increase their influence by funding the construction of churches and other buildings.
这一时期是掌权人物之间竞争的时期之一，贵族们通过资助建造教堂和其他建筑来扩大自己的影响力。
The reason for constructing the buildings from wood is probably that
用木材来建造这些建筑大概是因为
ideally proportioned straight and slender timber was available in large quantities in Scandinavia's vast pine forests.
在斯堪的纳维亚广阔的松林中，有大量细长的、笔直的木材可供选择。
As wood was so plentiful, it was cheaper to use than the stone used in the buildings of other European cultures.
由于木材太过丰富，所以使用木材比使用其他欧洲文化建筑中使用的石头要更便宜。
The area's ship building tradition, partly established by the Vikings, also meant that sophisticated carpentry was a major aspect of the local culture.
该地区的造船传统从某种程度上来说是由维京人创立的，这也意味着复杂的木工是当地文化的主要方面。
The complex style of the medieval wooden church carvings and the skills used to make them almost certainly to derive from the ancient Viking tradition.
中世纪木制教堂雕刻的复杂风格和制作技巧几乎可以肯定源于古代维京人的传统。
16. What does the speaker say about the Viking wooden churches?
16. 关于维京木制教堂，叙述者讲了什么？
17. What is special about most of the Viking wooden churches?
17. 大多的维京的木制教堂有什么特别之处？
18. Why were the Viking churches constructed from wood?
18. 为什么维京人的教堂是用木头建造的？
