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In fact, it may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education. Immediately after graduating from high school, some graduates choose to enter the work world. As a result of this choice, they may become financially independent from their parents. But college students have chosen to grow and learn new skills that take years to develop, so they probably need at least some degree of dependence on their parents.
实际上，这种矛盾可能因为他们选择接受大学教育而升级。高中一毕业，一些毕业生选择进入职场开始工作。这种选择的结果就是他们在经济上独立于自己的父母。但是，大学生选择了再花几年时间来发展自我和学习新的技能，因此，至少在某种程度上他们往往还要依赖于自己的父母。
In his April 1984 article "Psychological Separation of Late Adolescents from Their Parents" in the Journal of Counseling Psychology, J. A. Hoffman observed that there are four distinct aspects to psychological separation from one's parents. First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda. Second, there is attitudinal independence, which means that individuals learn to see and accept the difference between their own attitudes, values, and beliefs and those of their parents. The third process of psychological separation is emotional independence. Hoffman defines this process as "freedom from an excessive need for approval, closeness, togetherness, and emotional support in relation to the mother and father." For example, college students would feel free to select the major that they want to pursue without feeling they must have parental approval. Fourth is freedom from "excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father."
1984年4月，J.A.霍夫曼在《咨询心理学杂志》上发表了题为“青春期末期的孩子与父母在心理上的分离”的文章。他在文章中对孩子与父母的心理分离的四个不同方面作了论述。第一，自理独立，它包括个人处理实际事务和个人事务的能力，比如理财、自主选择穿什么样的服装以及决定日程安排等。第二，观点独立，也就是说学生学会认识和接受自己与父母在态度、价值观和信仰上的差异。第三个心理分离的过程是情感独立。霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“摆脱对父母的赞许、亲近、陪伴以及情感支持的过分依赖的过程”。例如，大学生能够自由选择自己想学的专业，而不会觉得必须经过父母同意。第四方面则是摆脱“与父母有关的过度的内疚、焦虑、怀疑、责任、压抑、反感以及愤怒”。
