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Engaging in brief small talk regarding some aspect of a patient's life other than the medical matter at hand can help put the person at ease.
避开疾病，谈一谈病人的生活片段有助于病人的放松。
It must be interesting to be a dog trainer. What is your favorite breed?
当驯狗师一定非常有趣。你最喜欢什么品种的狗？
These efforts will be rewarded by a more trusting patient, a more efficient interview, and a better therapeutic relationship over the long term.
这些工作会让你的病患对你更加信任，交谈更加充实，长期的医患关系将会得到改善。
LISTENING
倾听
Listening to the patient is critical to establishing a correct diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic plan for the individual.
为了制定正确的诊疗方案，倾听患者的心声至关重要。
All patients have a story to tell, and it is important to let them do so.
所有病患都有故事要说，让他们讲出故事非常重要。
They are likely to reveal critical issues regarding the clinical matter as they tell their story.
在这期间，病患或许会说出一些与临床有关的重要问题。
Patients often need to tell their story in their own words, without interruption, so they feel confident they have provided details that might be missed if the interview is limited to simply answering the clinician's questions.
患者经常需要不间断地用他们自己的语言讲述病情，以确保信息的完整性，如果对话仅为简单的问答形式，信息就很有可能被漏掉。
Encouraging them to do so at the beginning of the interview relieves them of this burden of information and allows the clinician to move on to interpretation.
在对话一开始，我们就应该鼓励病人用这种方式讲述病情，这样会减少他们的信息量，从而让医生进行进一步的说明。
Listening should be an active, engaged activity.
倾听应该是活跃的。
The clinician should appear comfortable, settled, and as close as possible to eye level with the patient.
医生要不慌不乱，轻松自在，并尽可能与病患平视。
It is important not to appear rushed, inattentive, or bored by the patient's account.
重要的是，医生不能显得手忙脚乱，注意力不集中，或是厌倦病人的讲话内容。
Inteijecting questions for clarity or intermittent, brief verbal encouragements reassures the patient that the clinician is engaged with the problem.
对模糊信息进行提问，或是不时进行口头鼓励都会打消病患的忧虑，因为医生正在解决这一问题。
It may be helpful at the outset of the listening phase to let the patient know what materials have been reviewed.
在倾听开始时，医生需要让病患知道他对病人的了解程度。
For example, telling the patient that the clinician has reviewed the referral letter from the primary physician, the results of the last two operations, and his her recent laboratory work may help the patient to be more concise in the discussion.
例如，告诉病人医生已经看过了转诊信，上两次手术的结果，医生近期的实验工作会让病人的谈话变得更加言简意赅。
EMPATHY
同情
Once the patient has recounted his or her history, and the other aspects of examination and data review have been completed it is important to review this material with the patient in a way that demonstrates empathy with his or her situation.
当病人叙述完病史，并且各项检查都结束之后，医生应该和病人一起回顾检查结果，并对病情表现出适当的同情。
A surgeon's understanding of the problem is important for the patient, but the problem is not confined to the medical issue.
外科医生对问题的了解程度至关重要，但问题不仅仅限于医学问题。
It must be understood in the context of the patient.
医生需要在病人的条件下了解问题。
Therefore, demonstration of empathy is important to the patient's trust of the physician.
所以，医生的同情心会增加病人对医生的信任，这一点非常重要。
Establishing this connection is crucial to engaging the patient in the process of care.
在诊疗过程中，建立互信关系至关重要。
译文属可可英语原创，未经允许，不得转载。
