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Unit 3 Text A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND DEFINITIONS
第三单元 课文A 历史背景与定义
The term “cancer” is derived from Karkinos, the Greek word for crab.
“癌症”一词来自希腊文Karkinos，意为螃蟹。
Cancer as a clinical entity is described in the early writings of Greeks and Romans
癌症作为临床的一个病种在希腊人和罗马人的早期著作中已有所描述，
and has assumed a position of special significance as a much-feared disease and as an object of intensive biomedical investigation.
而且作为极可怕的疾病以及人们进行大量生物医学研究的对象，它占有特别重要的位置。
Peyton Rous, a Nobel laureate for his pioneering work on viral oncology, wrote, “Tumors destroy man in a unique and appalling way, as flesh of his own flesh,
佩顿·劳斯因在病毒肿瘤学方面的开拓性研究而获得诺贝尔奖，他曾经写到：“肿瘤虽然仍是人体的血肉，但它却以独特的，骇人听闻的方式摧毁人体，
which had somehow been rendered proliferative, rampant, predatory and ungovernable. ”
并莫名其妙地迅速繁殖、蔓延、疯狂掠夺、无法控制。”
In the United States about 1 million new cases of invasive cancer, excluding superficial skin cancers, are diagnosed each year,
美国每年确诊约100万扩散性肿瘤病例，不包括皮肤癌，
and half that number die each year of cancer.
每年约50万人死于癌症。
Cancer ranks second only to heart disease among the leading causes of death in the United States.
癌症成为美国第二大杀手，仅次于心脏病。
Important trends have occurred in the incidence and mortality of cancer in the past two decades,
在过去二十年间，确诊病例和死亡率已逐渐形成趋势，
with marked increases in deaths due to lung cancer in women and malignant melanoma, myeloma, brain tumors, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in men and women.
随着女性肺癌数量增加，男女恶性黑素瘤、骨髓瘤、脑瘤以及非霍金淋巴瘤的增多，死亡率逐渐升高。
At the same time, mortality due to cancer has declined for the population less than 65 years of age，primarily as the result of improvements in treatment and early detection.
与此同时，随着治疗手段不断提高以及早期发现，65岁以下患者死亡率降低。
There are also marked differences in the incidence rates of various cancers in different parts of the globe;
在全球不同地区，各类癌症的发病率也不同，
esophageal, hepatocellular, and stomach cancer occur with much greater frequency in developing countries,
食道癌、肝细胞癌以及胃癌常出现在发展中国家，
undoubtedly as a function of exposure to hepatitis B and to carcinogens in the diet and the environment.
毫无疑问，这与乙肝、饮食致癌物以及环境有关。
Lung, breast, and colon cancer predominate in industrialized countries.
肺癌、乳腺癌以及结肠癌主要出现在发达国家。
译文属可可英语原创，未经允许，不得转载。
