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No.11 If aproduct is good or it meets people needs, people will buy it. So advertising isunnecessary and no more than an entertainment. To what extentdo you agree ordisagree? 产品的销量取决于是否满足人们的需求，所以广告变得没有必要，只不过是种娱乐。是否同意这种说法?
话题解析
1) 确实，产品成功，从销量上来说(in terms of sales performance)， 取决于(hingeson)产品的质量和功能。然而广告是高销量背后的主要推动力(the main driving forcebehind)。 广告能进行产品促销，增加公司的销售额。Advertising leads to salespromotion of a company which usually results in increasing the sales volume ofthe company.
2) 同时，广告的娱乐功能不可忽略;它能把观众变成潜在客户和最终消费者(transform advertisement viewers into potential buyers and ultimatelypaying customers)。
3) 理由3:此外，能够强化产品在市场的定位，使该品牌公之于众。Moreover, it canincrease the brand positioning in the market and make the brand visible.
更多扩展
潜在客户potentialcustomers
性价比高 highperformance cost ratio
广告轰炸be bombardedwith advertisement
提高销售额boost sales volume
主要推动力the maindriving force
No.12 Somepeople think that cheaper and cheaper travel by air is beneficial but otherpeople think it has drawbacks to environment and the resources of the world.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.一些人认为航空飞行越来越便宜对人们有好处，但是一些人认为对环境和资源有负面影响，讨论双方观点并给出自己的观点
话题解析
积极的角度
1) 促进不同国家和民族间的经济与文化交流promote contacts between different peoples and facilitate culturaland economic interaction;
2) 节约时间、提高效率enhance the efficiency;Despite higherprices, many still choose to travel by air due to the speed, comfort andconvenience that air travel offers. Most international airports are equippedwith comprehensive facilities to serve the difference needs of travelers.
3) 带动其他行业的发展如旅游业boost the tourism。
消极的角度
1) 排出的二氧化碳影响全球气候carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse effects;
2) 消耗能源exhaustion of resources
3) 事故率与其他交通方式相比较大the comparable high rate of accident or air crash。
更多扩展
消耗能源exhaustion of resources
提高效率enhance the efficiency
温室气体效应the greenhouse gas effect
带动如旅游业发展boost the tourism
促进不同国家和民族间的经济与文化交流promote contacts between different peoples
No.13 Some people believe that culture will be ruined if it is used to earntourism revenue, but others consider that tourism is the only way of protectinga culture. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.旅游业保护文化还是破坏文化
话题解析
旅游业有益文化保护(cultural preservation)的论点：
1) 除了自然景观( landscape )之外，文化和历史是吸引旅游者去一个国家或者一个旅游景点 ( tourism site )观光的最主要原因 ( motivator );旅游业和文化遗产相结合( integrate tourism and cultural heritage )为文化保护提供了经济支持 ( economic incentives );
2) 在文化领域提供一些旅游选择 ( introduce thetourism options available with the cultural sectors )，如博物馆、历史景点、活动和美食等 ( including museums, historical sites, events and cuisine )，游客会深入了解当地传统和习俗 ( get an insight into local customs and traditions )，感受当地传统和艺术 ( experience local traditions, arts and heritage )，从而更加尊重当地社区和周围的环境 ( respect the host community and its environment) 促进(promote=facilitate= boost= further= gear up = encourage )不同国家之间关于自然和文化资源保护的交流与对话 ( the dialogue over conservation of natural and cultural resources)。
旅游业导致文化破坏 ( cultural destruction ) 的观点：
1) 保护的是一般食物、时尚、节日等 ( preserve food,fashion, festivals and so forth ) 一些文化的表面特征 (superficial elements of a culture) ，将文化定格成表演者 (freezeculture as performers ) ，导致了文化、宗教、传统仪式、物质文化和语言的损失 ( theloss of culture, religions, rituals, material culture and language) ;将文化商业化 ( commercialize the culture) ，破坏了文化神圣和独特的本质( erode the sacred ['seɪkrɪd] and unique nature ) ;虽然很多活动是娱乐活动 ( entertain, ratherthan educate tourists )，但有些是对当地人的一种羞辱 ( humiliate thelocal people );
2) 垃圾、涂鸦、破坏和噪音不断增加 ( increasinglitter, graffiti ([grə'fiːtɪ]), vandalism (故意毁坏文物的行为;破坏他人财产的行为) and noise )，游客在没有被允许的情况下进入建筑物、神殿、神圣的土地 ( enter buildings, shrines or sacred lands without permission )，这都与当地文化相冲突(collide with, clash, conflict )，是一种文化侮辱 (an insult to the local culture )。
更多扩展
尊重当地社区和周围的环境 respect the host community
文化侮辱 an insult to the local culture
生态系统 the ecosystem
短缺shortage
No.14 Some people say that professional workers such as doctors, nurses and teachers makegreater contribution. So they should be paid more than those sport andentertainment persons. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 一些人认为专业人士比如医生护士和老师对社会贡献大，收入应该比体育娱乐明星多，是否同意?
话题解析
不合理
运动员和明星具有高额的收入(sports professionals, film stars, pop musicians are paid huge salaries)，相比之下，教师、护士及研究人员收入平平(teachers, nurses,laboratory researchers are never listed among the best-paid professionals)，甚至是科学家(research scientists)和政治家(leading politicians)都无法企及，因此很多人觉得他们赚钱容易(earn their fortunes so quickly)。他们与默默无私奉献的其它职业之间的收入的差异是不合理的(The gaps between their earnings and those of people who work less selfishly for the good ofsociety cannot be justified)。很多位社会做贡献的职业也应该(be muchbetter appreciated and better paid)。
合理
高收入反映的是体育的一种公众流行程度(public popularity)。拥有真正天赋的职业运动员数量极少(thenumber of professionals with real talent is very few)，薪酬体现了对于为成功而必须拥有的技能和贡献的认可(the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication)。相对短暂的职业生涯里(in their relatively short career)，职业巅峰期短暂(don’thold their top positions long)，很快就会被人取代(be replaced)。竞争无处不在(Competition is constant)来自媒体的压力很大(Thepressure from the media is intense)，几乎无隐私可言(there islittle privacy out of the spotlight)。
更多扩展
公众流行程度public popularity
竞争无处不在Competition is constant
对技能和贡献的认可a recognition of the skills and dedication
收入差异the gap between their income
几乎无隐私可言there is little privacy out of the spotlight
No.15
Somepeople think that the range of technology available to individuals isincreasing the gap between rich countries and poor countries，while others hold theopposite opinion. What is your opinion?一些人认为科技导致贫富国差异越来越大，另外一些人持否定态度，你的观点是什么?
话题解析
导致贫富差距
不是钱而是科技缺乏导致贫困 it is not money but technology that drives prosperity. 更甚，科技的缺乏使贫困无法摆脱。 poverty is driven and sustained by a lack of technology.
科技可以是掠夺资源的工具
technologycan be used as a tool of oppression. 一个国家的科技进步(technological advancement) 使之对贫困国家的自然资源进行掠夺(has allowed it to exploit natural resources)。富国的人才资本积累(the accumulation of intellectual capital) 使差距拉大(broaden this gap)， 因为他们控制了先进的技术 because ithas enabled them to control technology
更多扩展
人才资本积累the accumulation of intellectual capital
掠夺自然资源exploit natural resources
科技可以是掠夺资源的工具 technology can be used as a tool of oppression
科技进步technological advancement
差距拉大broaden the gap
