英汉翻译原理第二讲:什么是好的译文?(续)
【例14】 There is a mix of confrontation and cooperation between them.
【译文】 他们之间既有对抗,又有合作。
【例15】 He died, and was survived by wife and three children.
【译文】 他死了,撇下了妻子和三个孩子。
【例16】 Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.
【译文】 司法部门如果对此不闻不问,那就是失职。
【例17】 Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch.
【译文】 他显然具备了垂钓者的首要品质,即以钓为乐,钓多钓少无所谓。
【例18】 Nothing out of its place is good, nothing in its place is bad.
×身外之物无一是善,身内之物无一是恶。
【译文】 凡事不当无一是好,凡事得当无一是坏。
【例19】 Happiness is like manna; it is to be gathered and enjoyed every day.
×幸福似甘露,日日可享用。
【译文】 幸福犹如甘露,要天天采集才能日日享用。
忠实原文是指译文与原文实质内容上的一致,而不是形式上的一致。译者由于对原文理解不深,不能透过原文的形式掌握其实质内容,仅见其形,未见其神,这样译出的文字形式上似乎与原文一致了,但与原文的意思却相去甚远。这便是犯了翻译上的形式主义。但是灵活出了格,过分强调译文的流畅,而不受原文意思的约束,闹了独立性,在原文的思想内容之外随意添枝加叶,这种译法称之为自由主义。
【例20】 This was one of the secrets of his great popularity, but it was a popularity which was as unsettled as the waves. It swelled, and bubbled, and foamed for a while, only to recede, and be lost to its former possessor.
×这是他名噪一时的一个秘密,但这种名声如同波涛一样起伏不定:在短暂的时间内如日中天,盛极一时,炙手可热,但转瞬间又烟消云散,终于在原来有些声望的人身上消失了。
【译文】 这是他名噪一时的一个秘密,但这种名声如同波涛一样起伏不定:一时间奔腾高涨,汹涌澎拜,转瞬间又一落千丈,终于在原来享有这种声望的人身上荡然无存。
佳译欣赏:
【例21】 A thief is a thief.
【译文】 贼性难改。
【例22】 There was no snow, the leaves were gone, the grass was dead.
【译文】 天未下雪,但叶落草枯。
【例23】 Human affairs are all subject to changes and disasters.
【译文】 人世间,事不由己,变迁灾祸,难以逆料。
【例24】 It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.
【译文】 绿草萋萋,白云冉冉,彩蝶翩翩,这日子是如此清新;蜜蜂无言,春花不语,海波声歇,大地音寂,这日子是如此安静。然而并非安静,因为万物各以其独特的节奏,或动,或摇,或震,或起,或伏。