考生在教室集合以后，会有老师来资格审核（查看学生证或毕业证之类），并让大家在一张列表上签到（此表按初试排名排列），和抽下午面试的顺序签。完成之后一半考生会被分到另一个教室进行笔试。笔试的形式是一篇英译汉，一篇汉译英，答在两张空白A4纸上。时间两小时。

THE AUTHORITY OF SCIENCE VS. THE AUTHORITY OF THE CHURCH

A History of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell

（注：考题未给作者和出处）

(The period of history which is commonly called 'modern' has a mental outlook which differs from that of the medi period in many ways. Of these, two are the most important: the diminishing authority of the Church and the increasing authority of science...)

The authority of science, which is recognized by most philosophers of the modern epoch, is a very different thing from the authority of the Church, since it is intellectual, not governmental. No penalties fall upon those who reject it; no prudential arguments influence those who accept it. It prevails solely by its intrinsic appeal to reason. It is, moreover, a piecemeal and partial authority; it does not, like the body of Catholic dogma, lay down a complete system, covering human morality, human hopes, and the past and future history of the universe. It pronounces only on whatever, at the time, appears to have been scientifically ascertained, which is a small island in an ocean of nescience. There is yet another difference from ecclesiastical authority, which declares its pronouncements to be absolutely certain and eternally unalterable: the pronouncements of science are made tentatively, on a basis of probability, and are regarded as liable to modification. This produces a temper of mind very different from that of the media dogmatist.（只翻第二段）

参考译文一 （译者顾忆青http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_3e81caec0100ffls.html）

（回溯历史，所谓“现代”时期，其精神姿质，与中古时代迥异。殊途之中，两点极为突显，一是教会权威之渐弱，二是科学权威之兴起……）

科学权威，已为诸多现代哲人认可。之所以异于教会权威，因其源自理智，而非苛政。如予以否认，无有刑罚相报，若坦诚接受，亦不受察言左右。本心而论，科学权威之兴起，乃是对理性的吁求。再者，科学权威须待日积月累，渐次进益。点点零星，尚未成一体统。不若天主教义，煌煌奥经，贯通今古，下有尘世之道德与理想，上及寰宇之过往和未来。而科学所言之事，皆须当下论证判明。寥寥者，实如无涯学海中，小岛一粒而已。此外，两者之间，另有一别。教会规矩，信誓旦旦，不容挑战，因而止步不前。科学论说，有盖然性，或可修正，因而日臻完善。倾于科学者，其性情心智，远不同于中古卫道者，正在于此。

参考译文二（马元德译，商务印书馆，1976）

（通常谓之“近代”的这段历史时期，人的思想见解和中古时期的思想见解有许多不同。其中有两点最重要，即教会的威信衰落下去，科学的威信逐步上升……）

科学的威信是近代大多数哲学家都承认的；由于它不是统治威信，而是理智上的威信，所以是一种和教会威信大不相同的东西。否认它的人并不遭到什么惩罚；承认它的人也决不为从现实利益出发的任何道理所左右。它在本质上求理性裁断，全凭这点致胜。并且，这是一种片段不全的威信；不像天主教的那套教义，设下一个完备的体系，概括人间道德、人类的希望、以及宇宙的过去和未来的历史。它只对当时似乎已由科学判明的事情表示意见，这在无知的茫茫大海中只不过是个小岛。另外还有一点与教会威信不同：教会威信宣称自己的论断绝对确实，万年更改不了；科学的论断却是在盖然性的基础上，按尝试的方式提出来的，认为随时难免要修正。这使人产生一种和中世纪教义学者的心理气质截然不同的心理气质。

参考译文三（译者据说是许国璋）

（吾人所谓“现代”，其思想观点，实大异于中古。其中，主要区别有二，一曰教会之权威日衰，二曰科学之权威日增……）

科学的权威，已为近世多数哲学家所承认。此一权威，殊不同于教会的权威。科学权威，理智的力量也；教会权威，统治的力量也。人于科学权威，可以拒绝，可以接受。拒绝，无须受惩罚；接受，无须出于保身家保名誉之考虑。科学所以有权威，唯一原因，是科学有内在的足以令人折服的力量。再者，科学的权威，明一理有一理之权威，明二理有二理之权威。科学的权威，止于已明之理；不若天主教义，乃包罗万象之体系，道德准则，人生理想，甚至世界之过去与未来，无一不在此体系之内。科学如有所见，仅以此时此物已有科学实证者为限。知识，海洋也；科学之所知，一小岛耳。科学的权威，尚有一点不同于教会的权威。教会每有宣示，必曰此千真万确，万事不移。科学作出的判断，曰此是暂时的结论，此有盖然性，科学的结论可加以修正，此是科学家共有的见解。科学家之思想，截然不同于中古时期固执教义之士，盖在于此。

不要抛弃学问（胡适）

Never give up the pursuit of learning.（张培基译）

（注：只要求译一部分， 试题以划线标出）

诸位毕业同学：

Dear students of the Graduating Class,

你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送你们，只好送你们一句话罢。

As you are leaving your alma mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice.

这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿自由去研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。

My advice is, "Never give up the pursuit of learning." You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence. If you give up studies while holding a job, you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by young people. It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again.

有人说：“出去做事之后，生活问题急需解决，哪有工夫去读书？即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问？”

Some people say, "Once you have a job, you'll come up against the urgent problem of making a living. How can you manage to find time to study? Even if you want to, will it be possible with no library or laboratory available?"

我要对你们说：凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有了实验室方才做研究的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题，自然会撙衣节食去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。

Now let me tell you this. Those who refuse to study for lack of a library will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library. And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so even though a laboratory is available. As long as you set your mind on studies, you will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments.

至于时间，更不成问题。达尔文一生多病，不能多作工，每天只能做一点钟的工作。你看他的成绩！每天花一点钟看10页有用的书，每年可看3600多页书，30年可读11万页书。

Time is no object. Charles Darwin could only work one hour a day due to ill health. Yet what a remarkable man he was! If you spend one hour a day reading 10 pages of a book, you can finish more than 3,600 pages a year, and 110,000 pages in 30 years.

诸位，11万页书可以使你成一个学者了。可是，每天看三种小报也得费你一点钟的工夫，四圈麻将也得费你一点半钟的光阴。看小报呢？还是打麻将呢？还是努力做一个学者呢？全靠你们自己的选择！

Dear students, 110000 pages will be quite enough to make a learned man of you. It will take you one hour to read three tabloids a day, and one and half hours to finish four rounds of mah-jong a day. Reading tabloids, playing mah-jongs or striving to be a learned man, the choice lies with you.

易卜生说：“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。”

Henrik Ibsen says, "It's your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement."

学问便是铸器的工具。抛弃了学问便是毁了你们自己。

Learning is the casting mould. Forsake learning, and you will ruin yourself.

再会了！你们的母校眼睁睁地要看你们十年之后成什么器。

Farewell! Your alma mater is watching eagerly to see what will become of you ten years from now.

①“不要抛弃学问”在这里的意思是“不要放弃对学问的追求”，因此不能直译为 Never Give up Learning ，必须加字：Never Give up the Pursuit of Learning.

②“你们可以依自己的心愿自由去研究了”译为you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies，其中 to follow one's own bent 是成语，和 to follow one's inclination 同义，作“做自己感兴趣或爱做的事”解。

③“做学问”译为 to go into scholarship, 等于 to engage in learning 。

④“学问决不会辜负人的”译为 Knowledge will do you a good turn ，其中 to do one a good turn 是成语，作“”做对某人有益的事“解。

⑤“撙衣节食”即“省吃省穿”，现译为 cut down on food and clothing, 其中 to cut down on 是成语，与 to economize on 同义，作“节约”解。又， 上语也可译为 to live frugally.

⑥“至于时间，更不成问题”译为 Time is no object, 其中 no object 是成语， 等于 no problem, 作“不成问题”或“不在话下”解。

⑦“全靠你们自己的选择”译为 the choice lies with you 或 it is up to you to make the choice.

⑧“你们的母校眼睁睁地要看……”中的“眼睁睁地”通常的意思是“无可奈何地”，现在这里做“热切地”解，故译为eagerly。