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2014年6月9日，缅甸仰光
9th June, 2014, Yangon, Myanmar
很高兴与各位同事再次见面，感谢主席国缅甸的热情接待和周到安排。
It’s a great pleasure to meet you again. I wish to thank our host Myanmar for its warm hospitality and thoughtful arrangements.
冷战结束二十多年来，亚洲地区总体保持了和平与稳定的局面。亚洲国家积极参与和推动亚洲经济一体化进程，创造了一个又一个的“奇迹”。亚洲地区已成为世界经济增长的最大驱动力。在全球范围内，亚太地区大国关系总体保持稳定，中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系成为良好大国关系的典范，中美领导人去年6月会晤以来，两国积极构筑新型大国关系。东盟主导的地区合作进程为增进各方互信、促进大国良性互动发挥了重要作用。这是亚洲地区当前形势的主流。
Asia has enjoyed peace and stability in the past twenty years since the end of the Cold War. Asian countries have created one economic miracle after another, making our region the strongest driver of global growth. Economic integration in Asia is also gaining speed.
Globally, major countries in Asia-Pacific have maintained generally stable relations. The China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination has become a good example for major-country relations. China and the United States are working to build a new type of major-country relationship since our two presidents met in Sunnylands in June last year.
Regional cooperation with ASEAN in the driver’s seat has played an important role for mutual trust and positive interaction among countries concerned. This is the mainstream of Asia today.
同时，亚洲也面临越来越多的挑战，传统安全和非传统安全挑战相互交织。二战残余、冷战积怨、领土海洋权益争端等历史遗留矛盾尚未解决，恐怖主义、网络安全、跨国犯罪等非传统安全领域新挑战日益突出。
In the meantime, Asia is also facing growing challenges. While historical legacies from World War II and the Cold War and disputes over territory and maritime rights remain un-resolved, non-traditional security threats such as terrorism, cyber-security, cross-border crimes are posing new challenges.
谈到安全挑战，对于普通民众来说，非传统安全威胁最为现实和直接。近期马航MH370客机和韩国“岁月号”客轮失事，瞬间夺去了近600人的生命。去年发生的棱镜门事件表明，有些国家谋求网络空间霸权，追求自身绝对安全。
For most people, probably non-traditional security challenges bring most direct impact to their lives. The missing Aircraft of MH370 and the sunken ferry ship in the ROK have taken almost 600 lives. The Prism scandal last year shows how cyber-space is confronted with attempts for cyber hegemony and absolute security.
亚洲反恐形势仍然复杂严峻。近期，“东突”分离运动等恐怖势力在中国一些城市发动多起恐怖袭击。今天上午，巴基斯坦卡拉奇机场发生恐怖袭击。这再次表明，恐怖主义是人类公敌，需要我们共同应对。
Terrorism in Asia is a growing threat. Eastern Turkistan Independence Movement and other terrorist forces recently launched repeated terrorist attacks in Chinese cities. Karachi was threatened by a serious terrorist attack. This shows once again that terrorism is a public enemy of all of us, and countering it requires joint efforts.
传统安全领域的问题也令人担心。陈旧的安全观念和冷战遗留下来的安全制度安排已成为亚洲地区和平与发展的威胁。在全球化深入发展的今天，一些国家仍然信奉军事同盟、武力威慑、强权政治等陈旧的安全观念。
Coming back to the traditional security landscape, our region is also beset with challenges. Outdated security concepts and arrangements left over from the Cold War are exerting a negative impact on peace and development in Asia. In the age of globalization, certain countries are still clinging to the old security concepts based on military alliances, deterrence by force, and power politics.
2008年发源于美国华尔街的金融危机，席卷了整个世界。在这样的背景下，美国为转移矛盾和转嫁危机，“重返”和“转向”了亚洲，推出了“再平衡战略”，强化针对第三方的军事同盟。
The financial crisis that started in the Wall Street in 2008 has swept the whole world. It was against this backdrop that the United States launched the “re-balance strategy”, or “pivot” to Asia, with the aim to strengthen its military alliances that target third parties.
从历史上看，军事同盟追求的目标是同盟体系内国家的安全，但这种追求绝对安全的做法是建立在其他国家不安全基础上的，客观上极易导致地区的分裂和隔阂。在欧洲，北约近20年来不断通过成员东扩、部署反导体系等措施强化同盟自身绝对安全。同时，西方国家大搞颜色革命，这加剧了欧洲的分裂。当前乌克兰危机就是最集中的体现。现在有人想把这一幕悲剧搬到亚洲重演。如果亚洲陷入分裂，结果将没有赢家，只有输家，且地区国家受损最大。亚洲发展中国家要高度警惕域外势力的这一动向，不能允许亚洲地区朝这一方向发展。
Looking back to history, military alliances generally focus on security for countries within the alliances. But such security often prejudices the interests of countries out of the alliance, and could lead to greater division in the regions concerned. In Europe, for instance, NATO sought to strengthen its own absolute security in the past 20 years through eastward expansion and deployment of anti-missile defense systems. In addition, a series of color revolutions were engineered. This eventually worsened the division in Europe. The current Ukraine crisis is a reflection of this.
Now it seems that some people want to replay this strategy in Asia. But it is very clear that there will be no winners, but only losers in a divided Asia, and countries in the region will bear the brunt of the impact. Developing countries in Asia must be highly alert and should not allow our region to go in this direction.
军事同盟的主要特点是以同盟关系而不是事情的是非曲直来划线，但凡盟友所为，无论正确与否都要支持。这就必然会导致同盟内一些成员自恃有强大盟友支持，不计后果地追求自身利益的最大化，全然不顾体系外国家的感受，哪怕这些国家是其必须处理好关系的邻国。
Another problem with military alliances is that it often draws a line between allies and non-allies when problems occur, without due regard to the merits of the matter. Support will be given to whatever the ally does, regardless of whether it’s right or wrong. Naturally, some members of the alliance will not resist taking adventurous actions at the backing of a strong ally.
由此可见，军事同盟解决不了亚洲的安全问题，只会激化矛盾，制造更多麻烦，最终后果就是导致地区国家间信任赤字上升，并有可能带来地区的对抗和分裂。
Military alliances are therefore insufficient for meeting Asia’s security needs. They often lead to greater problems, such as the trust deficit, and more intense confrontation in the region.
同事们，
Colleagues,
近来，南海海上安全问题引发广泛关注。作为直接当事方，中国在这一问题上有自己的关切。我们敦促相关邻国尊重中方对钻井平台所在海域的主权、主权权益和管辖权，立即停止对中方作业的各种干扰，从现场撤离船只和人员，以尽快缓和局势，恢复南海安宁。中方将保持与邻国的沟通，妥善处理当前问题。
Maritime security in the South China Sea has raised concerns. As a country directly concerned, China has its own concern.
China urges its neighbor to respect China’s sovereignty, sovereignty rights and jurisdiction in conducting the operations by the drilling rig in its own waters, immediately stop all forms of disruptions of the Chinese operation and withdraw all vessels and personnel from the site, so as to ease the tension and restore tranquility at sea as early as possible. China will continue its effort to communicate with this neighbor with a view to properly addressing the current situation.
我们希望《南海各方行为宣言》签署方尊重和切实履行承诺，通过直接当事国之间的谈判协调解决争议。背弃《宣言》共识，单方面将争议诉诸国际仲裁有违《宣言》，侵犯了中国根据包括《联合国海洋法公约》在内的国际法享有的正当权利。中国在南海问题上不会参与或接受任何国际仲裁，这一仲裁程序必须终止。
We hope that all parties to the DOC shall respect and honor their commitment to the DOC. The disputes should be resolved through negotiation between directly concerned countries. Choosing to disregard consensus under the DOC and unilaterally submit the disputes for international arbitration is a violation of the DOC and encroachment on the legitimate rights of my country under international law including UNCLOS. China will not participate in or accept any international arbitration and this arbitration proceeding for such purpose must be discontinued.
域外国家应保持最大克制，避免干涉南海争议。他们的干预将是有害无益的。
Countries outside of the South China Sea region should exercise self-restraint and refrain from interfering in the disputes in the South China Sea. Their involvement will only be counter-productive.
同事们，
Colleagues,
当今时代，各国相互依存日益紧密。亚洲国家正成为荣辱与共的命运共同体、利益共同体和责任共同体。“明者因时而变，知者随事而制”。新的环境下，要解决亚洲的安全问题，必须要有新的安全观念。
In the world today, countries are getting more and more interdependent. We the Asian countries are becoming a community of common destiny, common interests, and common responsibilities. As a Chinese saying goes, “A wise man changes with time and circumstances”. We should update our security concept to solve security problems of today.
前不久，习近平主席在上海举行亚洲相互协作与信任措施峰会发表主旨演讲，积极倡导各国奉行以共同安全、综合安全、合作安全、可持续安全为核心的亚洲安全观，呼吁亚洲国家共同努力逐步完善现有地区多边机制，培育亚洲新的安全架构。这些主张得到了亚洲国家的广泛认同。
In a recent speech, President Xi Jinping of China elaborated on an Asian Security Concept with common security, comprehensive security, cooperative security and sustainable security at the core. He appealed to Asian countries to improve the multilateral framework to cultivate a new security architecture in the region. This is echoed by many Asian countries.
共同安全，就是要尊重和保障每一个国家的安全。安全应该是普遍的，不能一部分国家安全而另一部分国家不安全。安全应该是平等。那些“双边同盟是地区和平基石”的说法完全是上世纪冷战时期的旧观念，应该放弃。
Common security means respecting and ensuring the security of each and every country. We cannot have security for just of one or a few countries while leaving the rest insecure. Security must be equal. The idea that “bilateral alliances are the foundation of regional peace” is a legacy of the Cold War and should be abandoned.
综合安全，就是要统筹维护传统安全和非传统安全。我们要通盘考虑亚洲安全问题的历史经纬和现实状况，多管齐下、综合施策，协调推进地区安全治理。
Comprehensive security means providing security in both traditional and non-traditional fields. We should take into full account the historical background and reality of Asia’s security issues, adopt a multi-pronged and holistic approach, and enhance regional security governance in a coordinated way.
合作安全，就是要通过对话与合作，增进地区国家团结，共同应对安全挑战，促进地区安全。亚洲的问题归根到底要靠亚洲人民来处理。同时，亚洲也是包容的、开放的亚洲，欢迎各方为亚洲安全发挥积极和建设性作用。
Cooperative security means promoting the security of both individual countries and the region as a whole through dialogue and cooperation. The people of Asia should play a leading role in solving Asian problems. In the meantime, Asia is inclusive and open to the world. We welcome all parties to play a positive and constructive role in promoting Asian security.
可持续安全，就是要经济发展与安全并重，实现持久安全。要推动共同发展和区域一体化进程，努力形成经济合作与安全合作良性互动的局面。
Sustainable security means that we need to focus on both development and security to make security durable. We need to promote common development and regional economic integration, foster sound interactions and common progress of regional economic cooperation and security cooperation.
中方主张从以下几个方面努力实现亚洲和平与安全。
Let me conclude with a few thoughts on how we could promote peace and security in Asia:
第一，推动地区经济一体化。如果把本地区经济合作搞好了，大家利益更加融合，交流更加密切，彼此的信任就会增强，亚洲共同发展与繁荣的基石就更加牢固。亚洲经济一体化即将进入大发展、大繁荣的新时期，中国愿在其中发挥更重要作用。
First, we should promote regional economic integration. Closer economic cooperation and better communication can help to enhance mutual trust, and put regional development and prosperity on a more solid footing. Economic integration in Asia is about to boom and expand, and China would be happy to play an important role in this regard.
第二，促进大国良性互动。大国应理性客观看待对方战略意图，抛弃冷战思维，合作应对全球挑战。
Second, we should strive for positive relations among major countries. It is crucial for major countries to view each others’ strategic intentions in a rational way, discard the Cold War mentality, and cooperate with each other to fight global challenges.
中国将继续坚定推动构建新型大国关系。中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系已成为良好大国关系典范，双方致力于在亚太构筑安全和可持续发展的格局。中美同意构筑新型大国关系。
China will continue its efforts to cultivate a new type of major-country relations. China and Russia are committed to promoting secure and sustainable development in the region. China and the US have agreed on building a new type of major-country relationship.
第三，妥善处理分歧和争议。亚洲的很多争议是历史遗留产物，包括中国在内地区许多国家都是受害者。我们要通过直接谈判与协商和平解决妥善处理这些问题，不能让这些争议再祸害我们。亚洲国家在这方面积累了很多成功经验和模式，比如东盟倡导的“静悄悄外交”，这些经验应付诸实施。亚洲国家有足够的智慧解决亚洲问题。拉拢域外国家介入或者动辄单方面诉诸国际仲裁都无法从根本上解决问题。
Thirdly, we should properly handle differences and disputes, many of which are legacies of our modern history. We should work to settle these disputes peacefully through direct negotiations and consultations, so that they will no longer do any harm to us. The “quiet diplomacy” advocated by ASEAN is a good example. This should be practiced. Asian countries are wise enough to solve their problems on their own. Inviting external forces or unilaterally resorting to international arbitration will not lead anywhere.
在朝核问题上，中国将继续推动朝鲜半岛无核化进程。当前，在重启六方会谈门槛问题上，朝美严重对立。希望有关国家能够设定合理门槛，尽快重启六方会谈。
On the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula, China will continue to push for the denuclearization process. Currently, the DPRK and the US are in sharp disagreement over how to resume the Six Party Talks. China hopes that countries concerned could set a reasonable threshold to reopen the Talks as early as possible.
在南海和东海问题上，中国愿继续致力于同当事国在尊重历史事实和国际法的基础上，通过谈判和协商解决有关领土和海洋权益争议。中国将继续推动“搁置争议、共同开发”，同东盟国家一道，全面有效落实《南海各方行为宣言》，并在此过程中稳步推动“南海行为准则”磋商，共同维护南海和平与稳定。
On disputes over territory and maritime rights in the South and East China Sea, China will continue to strive for negotiated solutions with countries directly concerned on the basis of respecting historical facts and international law. We stand for shelving disputes and seeking joint development. We are committed to working with ASEAN countries to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea by implementing the DOC in a comprehensive and effective way, and steadily moving forward COC discussions.
第四，完善地区多边机制，培育安全新架构。我们应坚持多边主义，反对单边主义和针对第三方的军事同盟。中国将同亚洲国家一道，共同推动以共同、综合、合作和可持续的亚洲安全观为指导，逐步建立符合地区实际需求、满足各方需要的亚洲安全合作机制。
Fourthly, we should improve existing regional framework and foster a new security architecture. We should adhere to multilateralism and oppose unilateralism and military alliances targeting third parties. China is willing to work with other Asian countries to gradually foster a new security architecture that works well for the region and caters to the needs of all parties. The Asian Security Concept can serve as a good starting point.
为此，中国坚定支持东盟主导的东盟地区论坛、东盟防长扩大会等机制为促进地区安全合作发挥更大作用。近几年，中国几乎承办了东盟地区论坛框架下三分之一合作项目。下年度，中方将同东盟国家共同主办6个项目，涵盖救灾、海上安全、预防性外交、网络安全等领域，并担任救灾和反恐与打击跨国两个领域会间会的共同主席。希望这些项目为深化论坛务实合作做出贡献。
To this end, China strongly supports a greater role of ASEAN-led frameworks for regional security cooperation, including ARF and ADMM+. In recent years, China has undertaken almost a third of the cooperation projects under the ARF. In the following inter-sessional year, China will undertake another 6 projects with ASEAN counterparts, covering areas of disaster relief, maritime security, preventive diplomacy and cyber-security. China will also co-chair the ISMs on Disaster Relief and Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crimes. We believe that these projects will be conducive to enhancing ARF practical cooperation.
谢谢大家！
Thank you for your attention.
